1949-1991 Semipalatinsk Nuclear Weapons Test Site in Kazakhstan: 1949-1991 Semipalatinsk Nuclear Weapons Test Site in Kazakhstan

1955-present Novaya Zemlya Nuclear Test Site, archipelago in the Arctic Ocean, 'Tsar Bomba': 1955–present Novaya Zemlya Nuclear Test Site, archipelago in the Arctic Ocean in the North of Russia, the indigenous population, who subsisted mainly on fishing, trapping, reindeer herding, polar bear hunting and seal hunting, was resettled to the mainland since the 1950s - Sukhoy Nos, the northern island of the archipelago Novaya Zemlya, was used between 1958–1961 and was the 1961 explosion site of 'Tsar Bomba'

Intercontinental ballistic, nuclear and guided missiles of Russia: Intercontinental ballistic missiles of Russia - Nuclear missiles of Russia - Guided missiles of Russia

2013/2014 series of short- and long-range nuclear-capable missiles, annexation of Crimea: 30 October 2013: Russia test-fired a series of short- and long-range nuclear-capable missiles - 5 March 2014: Russia test-fires Intercontinental Ballistic Missile with tensions high over its seizure of control in the Crimea and its threat to send more forces to Ukraine - 8 May 2014: Russia test-fires several ballistic missiles including Topol intercontinental ballistic missile - 29 July 2014: Russia violated 1987 arms control treaty by testing a ground-launched cruise missile, USA says

June 2015 new intercontinental ballistic missiles: 16 June 2015: Russian regime's adding of 40 new intercontinental ballistic missiles to its nuclear arsenal slammed by NATO's Jens Stoltenberg as 'dangerous' and 'nuclear sabre rattling'

21st century Russian hypersonic missiles, production and use: 21st century hypersonic cruise missiles in production and use by Russia - UdSSR und dann Russland forschten seit den 1980er-Jahren an Hyperschallwaffen, wobei das zunnehmend aggressivere russische Putin Regime seine Bemühungen seit 2001 deutlich erhöhte als Reaktion auf die USA-amerikanischen Abwehrmöglichkeiten (!). Das zunehmend autokratische Regime vefügt mittlerweile im 21. Jahrhundert über mehrere Hyperschallwaffen-Programme, inkl. nuklear bestückter Hyperschall-Gleiter 'Awangard' (!), der per ICBM (2021 mit der SS-19 Stiletto, möglicherweise zukünftig mit der RS-28 'Sarmat', Einführung nach Verzögerungen 2022) gestartet wird, fermer 'SS-N-33 Zirkon' schiffsgestützte Marschflugkörper zur Bekämpfung von Land- und Seezielen mit Geschwindigkeiten zwischen Mach 6 und Mach 8 und wahrscheinlicher Einführung 2023, ferner 'Ch-47M2 Kinschal' luftgestützte Rakete (Abwandlung der Iskander-Rakete) die Geschwindigkeiten bis zu Mach 10 erreichen soll, 2018 erfolgreich mit einer MiG-31 getestet und 2022 im Angriffskrieg gegen die unabhängige Ukraine erstmals während einer Kriegshandlung gegen die Bevölkerung und ihre Verteidigung eingesetzt

17 March 2022 Russia has accelerated efforts in research and use of hypersonic weapons technology: 17 March 2022: Although Russia has conducted research on hypersonic weapons technology since the 1980s, it accelerated its efforts in response to USA missile defense deployments in both the USA and Europe, and in response to the USA withdrawal from the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty in 2001, Putin regime stated that 'the US is permitting constant, uncontrolled growth of the number of anti-ballistic missiles' (!). Russia is pursuing two hypersonic weapons programs — the Avangard and the 3M22 Tsirkon (or Zircon) — and has reportedly fielded the Kinzhal ('Dagger”'), a maneuvering air-launched ballistic missile. 'Avangard' is a hypersonic glide vehicle launched from an intercontinental ballistic missile ICBM, giving it 'effectively unlimited range'. Reports indicate that Avangard is currently deployed on the SS-19 Stiletto ICBM, though Russia plans to eventually launch the vehicle from the Sarmat ICBM. Sarmat is still in development, although it is scheduled to be deployed by the end of 2022.

20 March 2022 Russia’s use of hypersonic missiles against Ukraine appears to mark a shift in strategy: 20 March 2022: Russia’s use of hypersonic missiles against Ukraine appears to mark a shift in strategy in response to its losses on the battlefield, one that may signal a new phase of the war while serving to show the world its abundant firepower. Western military analysts point to dictator Putin’s ground campaign getting bogged down, with Russian troops failing to achieve their initial objectives and underestimating the scale of Ukraine’s resistance, as it happened in Assad's, Khamenei's, Putin's war against the Syrian people since early 2011, leading to war crimes including sieges, massacres, mass murder using chemical weapons, brutal air attacks on cities including Syria's second largest city of Aleppo (murderous Battle of Aleppo 2012–2016 against city's population and aftermath at least until March 2022)

20 April 2020 Russia tests nuclear-capable missile in warning and threatening: 20 April 2022: Russia tests nuclear-capable missile in warning and threatening to other countries, as Putin boasts new intercontinental ballistic weapon will provide ‘food for thought’

1 December 2012: Six years after the murder of Anna Politkovskaya and ongoing concerns over safety of journalists the trial of a man suspected of the murder has been extended until March 2013 - 14 December: Ex-policeman jailed for his role in the Anna Politkovskaya murder

2013: 20 December 2013: Kremlin critic Mikhail Khodorkovsky on Friday walked out of jail after more than 10 years behind bars, immediately flying to Germany following his surprise pardon by Putin

2014: 25 January: After more than 10 years in prison, Mikhail Khodorkovsky's associate Platon Lebedev freed following Russian court ruling - 28 July 2014: Hague arbitration court ruled Russian regime carried out 'politically motivated' expropriation of oil giant Yukos' assets

February 2015 Murder of Boris Nemtsov: 27 February 2015 murder of Boris Nemtsov in Moscow - 28 February 2015: Russian opposition politician Boris Nemtsov reportedly shot four times in the back by a killer in a passing car in the centre of Moscow two days before Nemtsov was due to lead a major opposition rally in Moscow - 28 February: Politicians worldwide condemn the assassination of Boris Nemtsov, pressing the Russian regime to ensure that the killing is thoroughly investigated, as Boris Nemtsov allies fear killers of Russian politician will escape justice - 2 March: Immediately after murder, Russian investigators removed all evidence of Russian troops in Ukraine from Nemtsov apartment - 2 March: Nemtsov's Ukrainian companion Anna Duritskaya says being held against her will after murder - 3 March: Foreign officials barred from attending Boris Nemtsov funeral - 8 March: Zaur Dadayev, one of the men detained on suspicion of killing Boris Nemtsov, reportedly served nearly a decade in a police unit in the Russian region of Chechnya - 10 March 2015: Boris Nemtsov's friend Ilya Yashin rejects regime's allegation, as Russia's Putin this week awards Chechen leader Ramzan Kadyrov a medal for 'professional achievements, public activities', and as this Ramzan Kadyrov praises Chechen Zaur Dadayev publicly to be 'a true patriot of Russia', who is now charged by Russian authorities with the murder of Boris Nemtsov - 11 March: Former law enforcement officer Dadayev charged with involvement in the murder of opposition leader Boris Nemtsov has claimed that he was forced to confess to the killing, monitoring group that visited Dadayev and two other suspects in jail allegedly found evidence that the confession had been forced - 12 March: Zhanna Nemtsova, the daughter of assassinated Boris Nemtsov, says Vladimir Putin must bear responsibility for his death - 14 May 2015: The report 'Putin. War', the work of murdered Boris Nemtsov published on the website 'Putin. Results' - 18 May 2015: Russian State Duma committee refuses to investigate Nemtsov's murder

2016: 1 November 2016: Russian dissident Ildar Dadin, jailed in 2015 after staging anti-government protests under a controversial new Kremlin law, says he is being beaten, repeatedly tortured and threatened with murder at notorious Karelia penal colony where he is being held in north-west Russia

2017: 7 February 2017: Russian regime critic Vladimir Kara-Murza, screening a documentary film about his friend Boris Nemtsov, 'poisoned by undefined substance', after in 2015 he was diagnosed with acute kidney failure in connection with poisoning and only just survived - 23 October 2017: An intruder forced his way into the offices of Russian radio station Ekho Moskvy and stabbed the station's anchor Tatyana Felgengauer in the neck, who has been hospitalised - 23 October 2017: Russian journalists have said an increasingly polarised and violent political climate in the country may have encouraged a knife attack in which well-known radio host Tatyana Felgengauer was stabbed in the neck

February-April 2014: 12 February 2014: Environmentalist Yevgeny Vitishko jailed for three years after Sochi Games protest - 20 February: After being detained by police in Sochi, Russian punk group women beaten with whips by Cossacks - 25 February: Outside trial over anti-Putin rally 2012 Russian police detain hundreds protesting against jailing of activists - 2014 Russian anti-war protests - 2 March: While authorities accommodated and encouraged a pro-government rally, a smaller protest against Ukraine intervention down the street was not sanctioned - 2 March: Protesters in Moscow against Russian military intervention in Ukraine were quickly detained by police - 15 March: Tens of thousands of anti-government protesters marched in central Moscow against Kremlin-backed referendum in Crimea - 14 April: About 5,000 Russians, some waving Ukrainian flags, rallied in Moscow to protest at what they say is a government crackdown on independent media intended to stifle debate about the crisis in Ukraine - 28 April: Criticising environmental and state corruption leads to threats, intimidation and the impossibility to object to grand projects which have the authorities behind them, exiled Suren Gazaryan says

July-December 2014: 24 July: Russian opposition leader Sergei Udaltsov convicted of organising rioting at anti-Putin protest along with activist Leonid Razvozzhayev in trial human rights groups call 'mockery of justice' - 5 August: Russian authorities have banned a Siberian independence march, in sharp contrast to the treatment of separatists in Crimea and eastern Ukraine - 17 August: Pro-federalism protests in Siberia banned and at least nine activists, calling for greater regional autonomy in Russia, detained by police over protests - 21 September: A huge column of protesters marched through Moscow to protest against Putin's role in the Russian-Ukrainian conflict that has claimed nearly 3,000 lives and pitted Russians against Ukrainians - 30 novembre: Pour la première fois depuis des années, les personnels de santé descendent dans la rue dans plusieurs grandes villes de Russie, à Moscou ils vont manifester contre la fermeture de nombreux hôpitaux - 14 December: Hundreds march in Moscow to protest against healthcare and education reforms - 30 December: Opposition activist Navalny gets 3.5-year suspended sentence in his controversial fraud trial as his brother was handed a 3.5-year prison term - 30/31 December 2014: Navalny again detained after joining protest in Moscow

January-June 2015: 5 January: After receiving suspended sentence amid ongoing house arrest, Putin regime critic Alexei Navalny says he would no longer comply with the absurd terms of his house arrest and cuts off monitoring tag - 7 January: Alexei Navalny defies house arrest to go to his local store, quickly intercepted by three men who escorted him home - 20 January: Hundreds of Russians marched in Moscow and Saint Petersburg, six years after lawyer Stanislav Markelov and journalist Anastasia Baburova were murdered by nationalists - 28 February: Just a day before a planned protest against Putin's rule Russian opposition politician Boris Nemtsov shot dead in Moscow - 1 March: Tens of thousands march in memory of murdered politician Boris Nemtsov in Moscow, as many members of the democratic opposition blame regime and state-controlled media for pushing people toward aggression - 1/2 March: Protesters, most of them of Russian or Ukrainian origin, rallied in New York near the Russian mission to the UN to denounce the murder of regime critic Boris Nemtsov, despite fear of reprisals to themselves or family members back in Russia - 16 April: Police and special forces searched the Moscow office of Open Russia, a rights network led by Khodorkovsky, for protest flyers - 18 April: Russian opposition parties of murdered Boris Nemtsov and anti-corruption blogger Navalny form alliance against Putin ahead of 2016 parliamentary elections - 29 April: Russian Ministry of Justice has cancelled the registration of the Progress Party of Alexei Navalny - 14 May 2015: The report 'Putin. War', the work of murdered Boris Nemtsov published on the website 'Putin. Results' - 18 May: Russian anti-war protesters outside a key military headquarters in Tolyatti have demanded Russian regime withdraws regular servicemen from Ukraine, after two soldiers were captured on Ukrainian soil on May 16 - 24 May 2015: Putin signs law for shutting down 'undesirable' organizations - 28 May 2015: Putin has turned Ukrainans and Russians into enemies, Russian opposition activist Ilya Yashin says visiting Kyiv in support of report on Russian intervention - 7 June 2015: Several thousand protesters including scientists and intellectuals took to the streets of Moscow to express fears for the future of scientific research, after regime crackdowns - 9 June: Russian regime's 'Investigative Committee' launches a criminal inquiry against Ilya Ponomaryov, the lone State Duma representative to vote against the 2014 annexation of Crimea from Ukraine - 19 June 2015: My father was killed by Russian propaganda, says Nemtsov's daughter Zhanna Nemtsova

July/August 2015: 5 August 2015: An online petition signed by more than 170,000 people calls on the regime to rethink new law ordering destruction of sanction-busting imports and banned EU food products, saying it is grotesque to destroy food in a country where millions still live below the poverty line - 11 August: As Russian regime continues mass destruction of banned food in retaliation for sanctions, online petition calling to overturn the decision has already gained 340,000 signatures

February 2018: 4 February 2018: A delegation of German parliamentarians with members of neo-Nazi linked AfD from three regional parliaments are visiting Russian-occupied Crimea in violation of Ukrainian laws, as AfD's Gauland calls Crimea 'indigenously Russian territory', saying in September 2017 that Germans 'have the right to be proud of the achievements of the German soldiers in two world wars', and as the USSR, according to archival figures, suffered 1,129,619 total casualties alone in the Battle of Stalingrad 75 years ago

March 2018: 30 March 2018: Russia will expel four German diplomats in a tit-for-tat response over the poisoning of S. Skripal in Britain's Salisbury, as Russian regime summons the heads of missions from 23 countries, almost all of them EU member states, to tell them that some of their diplomats have to leave, and expels more British diplomats

11/12 May 2018: 11/12 May 2018: German investigative sports journalist Hajo Seppelt has been denied entry to Russia for the upcoming World Cup after he has reported extensively on doping at the highest level of Russian sports, as German officials call on the global soccer federation FIFA to intervene after freedom of the press was denied by the Russian regime

22 May 2018: 22 May 2018: Members of the neo-Nazi linked Alternative for Germany AfD received a sponsored flight to Moscow during the 2017 campaign, German media reported on Tuesday, citing Russian sources

August 2018: 22 August 2018: Germany detains Russian at an apartment in Berlin on suspicion of planning a 'serious state-damaging act of violence'

December 2018: 11 December 2018: Novichok-Putin’s old East German secret police identification card for 'Maj Vladimir Putin' was discovered in the Stasi archives among Soviet-era personnel files in Dresden, where Putin served as a KGB officer in the 1980s

February 2019: 14 February 2019: German spy agency examines AfD party’s ties to Russia, as report says intelligence officials are concerned that Russian regime sees extreme nationalist groups as potential allies in destabilizing West, including AfD, praising the 'achievements' of German soldiers in two world wars - 23 February 2019: Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline from Russia to Germany would not be possible without former German Chancellor Gerhard Schröder and his contacts, Danish journalist Jens Hovsgaard, who explores the involvement of former agents from the Soviet Union and the so-called GDR in lobbying for the construction of the pipeline, has claimed

April 2019: 17 April 2019: Germany’s troubled Deutsche Bank faces fines, legal action and the possible prosecution of 'senior management' because of its role in a $20bn Russian money-laundering scheme, a confidential internal report seen by the Guardian says

August/September 2019 assassination of Zelimkhan Khangoshvili in Berlin: 23 August 2019 assassination of Zelimkhan Khangoshvili - 30 August 2019: Similar to the Skripal case, suspected assassin 'Vadim Andreevich Sokolov' in the Berlin killing of Zelimkhan Khangoshvili used fake identity documents, a valid Moscow-issued passport and cover identity, created very recently and most likely custom-made for the specific operation in Berlin, leading to the possibilities that he may have been assassinated in an operation led by either of the FSB, the GRU or even Ramzan Kadyrov’s apparatus, Bellingcat says - 3 September 2019: Suspected assassin 'Vadim Sokolov' visited by Russian diplomats - 4 September 2019: Protesters demonstrate outside the Russian embassy in Berlin against the suspected assassination of Chechen Khangoshvili, as British historian and specialist in Russian Intelligence Services Mark Galeotti sees parallels between this case and the attack on Skripal in the UK, saying that the new case is 'probably an assassination choreographed by state elements in Russia' - 17 September 2019: Russian suspect stays silent over Chechen's killing in Berlin, as Russian authorities had not helped the investigation so far

27 September 2019 Chechen’s killing linked to Russian regime: 27 September 2019: Joint investigation links Chechen rebel Zelimkhan Khangoshvili’s killing in Berlin to Russian Putin regime

3 December 2019 Russia link to assassination in Berlin: 3 December 2019: German federal prosecutors believe Russian intelligence was involved in the August 2019 assassination of Zelimkhan Khangoshvili in Berlin and want to take over the investigation, saying 'we have evidence that a foreign intelligence agency was behind it'

11 December 2019 Putin's brazen lies mock the world: 11. Dezember 2019: Bundesregierung widerspricht Putins Lüge, daß trotz entsprechender Gesuche Khangoshvili nicht ausgeliefert worden sei, mit der Feststellung daß 'keine Auslieferungsersuchen Russlands bekannt' seien - 15 September 2019: Russia’s brazen lies mock the world

19 December 2019 forced to do so Putin admits brazen lie: 19. Dezember 2019: Putin gibt Falschbehauptung zu über Mord im Kleinen Tiergarten

6 January 2020 German CDU-Merkel will visit Russia on 11 January: 6 January 2020: German CDU-Merkel will visit Russia on 11 January at Russian regime's, offering Polonium-tea, Novichok and hundreds of thousands of murdered Syrians and Ukrainians, war criminal Putin's invitation

Since August 2019 assassination of Zelimkhan Khangoshvili in Berlin and search for assassins: 23 August 2019 assassination of Zelimkhan Khangoshvili in Berlin and international search for Khangoshvili's assassins - 30 August 2019: Similar to the Skripal case, suspected assassin 'Vadim Andreevich Sokolov' in the Berlin killing of Zelimkhan Khangoshvili used fake identity documents, a valid Moscow-issued passport and cover identity, created very recently and most likely custom-made for the specific operation in Berlin, leading to the possibilities that he may have been assassinated in an operation led by either of the FSB, the GRU or even Ramzan Kadyrov’s apparatus, Bellingcat says - 3 September 2019: Suspected assassin 'Vadim Sokolov' visited by Russian diplomats - 4 September 2019: Protesters demonstrate outside the Russian embassy in Berlin against the suspected assassination of Chechen Khangoshvili, as British historian and specialist in Russian Intelligence Services Mark Galeotti sees parallels between this case and the attack on Skripal in the UK, saying that the new case is 'probably an assassination choreographed by state elements in Russia'

December 2019 Germany has expelled Russian regime's employees over the Khangoshvili case: 4 December 2019: Germany has expelled two Russians working at the Russian embassy in Berlin after federal prosecutors took over the case of Zelimkhan Khangoshvili killed in August in Berlin, saying they had concluded that evidence suggests state's involvement

17 February 2020 Russia's FSB planned and organized the murder of Khangoshvili in Berlin, Bellingcat reports: 17 February 2020: Russia's FSB security service planned and organized the murder of Georgian Khangoshvili in Berlin last summer, a killing that triggered diplomatic expulsions from Germany and Moscow, the investigative website Bellingcat said

18 June 2020 German prosecutors file murder charges against Russian FSB's Vadim Sokolov: 18 June 2020: German prosecutors filed murder charges against Russian FSB's Vadim K. alias Vadim S accused in the brazen daylight slaying in Berlin last year of Georgian Zelimkhan Khangoshvili and said that the Russian state ordered the killing

22 August 2020 acutely ill politician and anti-corruption activist Alexei Navalny in Berlin: 22 August 2020: Politician, anti-corruption activist and Putin critic Alexei Navalny arrives in Germany for medical treatment - 20 August 2020 suspected poisoning of Alexei Navalny - 22 août 2020: L’opposant russe Navalny a atterri à Berlin où il doit être soigné, après l’opposant russe, possiblement victime d’un empoisonnement, a été évacué par voie aérienne vers l’Allemagne dans la nuit

10 February 2021 Alexei Navalny's wife arrives in Germany on flight from Russia: 10 February 2021: Alexei Navalny's wife arrives in Germany on flight from Russia, as associates say departure of Yulia Navalnaya, wife of jailed opposition leader, is temporary

25 February 2021 German man charged with giving Bundestag floor plans to Russian agent: 25 February 2021: German federal prosecutors have charged a German citizen with espionage, saying he passed floor plans of the Bundestag parliament building to Russian intelligence

5 November 2021 Russian diplomat found dead outside country's embassy in Berlin: 5 November 2021: Russian diplomat was found dead last month outside the country's embassy in the German capital Berlin, as website Bellingcat said it had used open source data to establish the man was the son of the deputy director of the Second Service of Russia's FSB intelligence agency, as Germany has accused Russia of ordering the murder and as Second Service officials have also been linked to the poisoning of Russian opposition figure Alexei Navalny in 2020

21 May 2023 German police investigate possible poisoning of two Russian exiles: 21 May 2023: Berlin police have opened an investigation into the suspected poisoning of two Russian journalists - including Natalia Arno, the head of the Free Russia Foundation - visiting the city for a conference last month organised by the Russian Kremlin critic Mikhail Khodorkovsky - 'Free Russia Foundation' founded in 2014, an international organization supporting civil society and democratic development in Russia, opposing Putin regime's war against Ukraine

29 August 2023 documents show Putin’s order to move superyacht before 2022 Ukraine invasion: 25 March 2022: Vladimir Putin moved his $100m superyacht from a German shipyard to Russia just weeks before he ordered the invasion of Ukraine, according to secret documents released in a new investigation by a Russian anti-corruption organisation set up by jailed opposition leader Alexei Navalny, showing that the Russian president ordered the urgent moving of the 82-metre superyacht called Graceful from a shipyard in Hamburg, where it was undergoing a $32m refit, by 1 February 2022. Just 15 days later – on 22 February – Putin ordered the fullblown invasion of Ukraine. After the invasion, the USA, UK and EU imposed sanctions on Russian-owned assets overseas, and dozens of oligarch-owned superyachts were seized across the world.

Russia/Greece relations: Russia/Greece relations

2015: 20 June 2015: Russian pipeline project through Greek territory

2016: 28 May 2016: Russian regime's Putin and Greece's Tsipras sign several economic deals on Friday during the war criminal's visit to Greece aimed at reinforcing a relationship with his accessory, as Italian navy recovers the bodies of 45 people who drowned on Friday, while dozens of others are still missing in the third major tragedy in the Mediterranean in as many days

July 2018: 23 July 2018: Greek FM Nikos Kotzias is determined to protect a recent accord with Macedonia, saying 'Russia must realise that it cannot disrespect the national interests of another state because it feels it is stronger', after former Yugoslav republic was invited to join Nato

August 2018: 11 August 2018: The deterioration in relations between Greece and Russia, following landmark deal between Greece and Macedonia, has intensified after Greek government publicly accused Russian Putin regime of attempting to bribe state officials and meddle in the country’s internal affairs, angrily rebuking Russia for expelling two Greek envoys, calling the action 'arbitrary and vengeful'

Russia/Guinea relations: Russia/Guinea relations - Nord Gold N.V. gold mining company with assets in Russia, Kazakhstan, Burkina Faso and Guinea - Lefa gold mine

August 2019 Russia's 'special status': 27 August 2019: 'Russians have special status' - politics and mining mix in Guinea

Russia/Hungary relations: Russia/Hungary relations

2014: 26 September 2014: Hungary suspends gas supplies to Ukraine under pressure from Russian regime

2016: 28 November 2016: Russian diplomats and spies trained Hungary's neo-Nazi National Front movement

Russia/India relations: Russia/India relations - 1 June 2012: Putin meets chess masters Viswanathan Anand and Boris Gelfand for tea ... - 13 June: India can halt Russian arms flowing to Syria, activists say - 30 June: Russia will set up licensed production of tank and rocket artillery ammunitions in India, 'Rosoboronexport' says - 24 December 2012: Russia steps up arms sales to India

2013: Russian-made INS Sindhurakshak (S63) fire incident 2010 and on 14 August 2013 - 14 August 2013: Explosion and fire on Russian-built navy submarine INS Sindhurakshak in Mumbai, 18 personnel missing - 14 August 2013: INS Sindhurakshak was refitted in Russia's Zvezdochka shipyard recently

Russia/Indonesia relations: Russia/Indonesia relations - 7 August 2012: Russian rocket fails to reach target orbit - Indonesia's Telkom-3 satellites 'can be considered lost'

Russia/Iran relations: Russia/Iran relations - Iran/Russia relations, recent 'Times of Israel' reports - Military cooperation and trade - Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant

2013 nuclear and military support: 10 June 2013: Iran's Russian-built Bushehr nuclear power plant has suffered a malfunction in its main generator - 11 septembre: En pleine crise syrienne, Moscou s'apprêterait à proposer des missiles perfectionnés S-300 à l'Iran, autre allié du régime de Bachar al-Assad - 23 September 2013: Iran to take control of Russian-built nuclear power station at Bushehr on its Gulf coast - 21 October 2013: Iran holds talks with Russia to boost military cooperation

2014 joint naval exercise: 17 October 2014: Iran and Russian hold joint three-day naval exercise in the Caspian Sea

2015 military cooperation pact and nuclear support: 20 January 2015: Iran and Russia reportedly agreed to a military cooperation pact - 23 February: Iran studies Russian offer of new missiles instead of S-300 - 13 April: Russian regime lifts ban on delivery of S-300 anti-missile rocket systems to Iran, that could be used to shield Iran's nuclear facilities from possible future air strikes and had been under embargo for the past five years - 26 May: Russia agrees to supply S-300 missiles to Iran at 'the earliest opportunity' - 14 July 2015: Russian FM Lavrov says, after a deal was reached on curbing Iran's nuclear programme, that arms deliveries to Tehran will be possible, warning Israel not to supply weapons to Ukraine - 31 July: Russia modernising S-300 missile system for Iran - 18 August: Iran will sign a contract with Russia next week to buy four S-300 surface-to-air missile systems - 16 September 2015: Russian regime agrees to help Iranian regime upgrade its uranium-enriching centrifuges - 8 October 2015: After Iran lobbied in the summer for Russian campaign in Syria, Russian cruise missiles fired from ships in Caspian Sea and aimed at Syria land in Iran and may have caused injuries - 9 November 2015: Russia and Iran have signed a contract to deliver the advanced S-300 missile defense system to the Iranian regime, already entered into force

2016 S-300 missile system to Iran: 11 March 2016: Russian regime to ship first S-300 missile system to Iran in August-September 2016 - 26 April 2016: Russia supplies S-300 air defense system to Iran ahead of schedule and is now in talks with the Islamic regime on deliveries of other military equipment - 23 August 2016: Iranian murderous regime's Dehghan criticized Russian murderous regime for 'not having kept its promise' when Russia made public that it was using an Iranian airbase for bombing raids in Syria

10 November 2019 2nd Bushehr nuclear power reactor with Russian regime's help: 10 November 2019: Iran begins building 2nd nuclear power reactor at Bushehr with Russian regime's help

4 December 2019 Iran announces joint naval exercise with China, Russia: 4 December 2019: Iran announces joint naval exercise with China, Russia, starting in the Indian Ocean on December 27, calling for Beijing regime to collaborate on production of warships

25 December 2019 Iran to hold joint, four-day navy drill with Russia, China: 25 December 2019: Seeking to boost military cooperation, Iran’s armed forces will hold a joint, four-day naval exercise with Russian and Chinese regime in the northern part of the Indian Ocean

11 November 2022 amid Russian-Iranian drone deal, 'Revolutionary Guards' linked flights to Russia surge: 11 November 2022: Amid drone deal, 'Revolutionary Guards' linked flights to Russia surge, as data shows dozens of flights by Iranian firms under USA sanctions have landed in Moscow since the war in Ukraine began. According to a USA official, the Iran-Russia drone deal is moving ahead with 'Russians are training in Iran'.

Russia/Iraq relations: Russia/Iraq relations

October 2012: 9 October 2012: Iraq's Maliki in Russia for huge arms deal - 9 October 2012: Russia to become Iraq's second-biggest arms supplier as Iraq signs contracts to buy Russian arms worth $4.2bn this year - 10 October 2012: Russia warms up to Iraq with arms deal - don’t drag NATO into Syria, Baghdad warns Ankara

Russia/Israel relations: Russia/Israel relations - History of the Jews in Russia - Russian Empire at one time hosted the largest population of Jews in the world - Antisemitism in the Russian Empire - Jewish agricultural colonies in the Russian Empire - The Holocaust in Russia - Antisemitism in Russia

Since 1985: Russian and Iranian weapons for Lebanese Hezbollah

2012: 10. Juni 2012: Israel: 'Russland im schlimmsten Fall Mittäter in Syrien'

2013: 29 May 2013: Israel warns Russia of action if it delivers missiles to Syria - 1 November: Israel reportedly destroyed Hezbollah-bound missile shipment in Syria, targeting Russian-made SA-125 missiles

2015: 15 April 2015: Israel's PM Netanyahu urges Russia's Putin in vain not to supply Iran with the S-300 missile system, warning it will boost regime’s aggression - 18 April: Terrorist Putin warns Israel against selling arms to Ukraine - 28 November 2015: Russia has breached Israeli airspace more than once since it began intervening in Syria, Israeli defense official Gilad reveals

2016: 11 January 2016: Hezbollah terrorists reportedly receive long-range missiles, laser-guided rockets and other sophisticated weaponry directly from Russia in Syria, and are free to use that weaponry against Israel, following recent Netanyahu visit of servility to Moscow, including the shaking of bloody hands, amid fears in Israel that the Russian military aggression against Syrian people will threaten its defence and fears that Russian-supplied weapons will end up in the hands of Hezbollah - 7 December 2016: The deployment of Russian radar in Syrian territory to support Assad's and Hezbollah terrorists is probably making it difficult for the Israeli Air Force to operate freely against the transfer of sophisticated or very precise weaponry from Syria to Hezbollah in Lebanon

February 2018: 9 February 2018: Consortium comprising energy giants French Total, Italy's ENI, and Russian Novatek signed its first contract with Lebanon to drill for oil and gas off its coast, including in a block disputed by Israel, as Israel warns against 'provocative behavior' - 15 February 2018: A total of three Russian-made S-200 anti-aircraft missiles were found in non-Israeli territory after the Syrian military fired a barrage of rockets at Israeli jets

April 2018: 23 April 2018: Russian Putin regime said to warn of 'catastrophic consequences’ if Israel strikes S-300s - 24 April 2018: Israeli Defense Minister Avigdor Lieberman said that Israel may strike the Russian-made S-300 anti-aircraft defense systems in Syria if they are used against Israel - 25 April 2018: Russian regime says will deliver new air defense systems to Syria soon, escalating tensions with Israel

June 2018: 24 June 2018: Contrary to Russian regime's promises to Israel, Russian jets on Saturday night bombed Syrian rebel targets in support of Assad’s southwest offensiv

11/12 July 2018: 12 July 2018: Putin meets Iranian Ali Khamenei's aide in Moscow day after meeting Netanyahu, saying that Netanyahu came to Moscow on 'private visit' to watch soccer, as Assad regime's UAV is downed over the Sea of Galilee in IAF's defense against another drone infiltration

September 2018: 20 September 2018: Russia’s embassy in Tel Aviv excoriates Israel for the downing of a Russian plane by the Russian-made S-200 air defense system in Syria during an Israeli strike, pinning the blame squarely on the Israeli Air Force, as Israel Defense Minister Liberman blames 'irresponsible and unprofessional' Syrian air defense operators for downing Russian surveillance plane, saying Israel won’t stop Syria strikes, and as Israel PM Netanyahu says that Israel must work to prevent war in the region, but warns that the IDF will act with 'full force' if armed conflict is forced on the country - 23 September 2018: Israeli military rejects Russian regime’s claim that it was to blame for Assad's downing of a Russian spy plane, vows to keep targeting Iran - 24 September 2018: Reportedly before Assad's downing of a Russian plane, Russian regime told Israel, that attacking Assad's targets harms Russian interests because Israeli strikes weaken Assad and Russia's goal is to strengthen Assad's dictatorship - 24 September 2018: Russian regime will outfit Assad's military with its sophisticated S-300 air defense system in the wake of Assad's downing of a Russian military plane - 24 September 2018: Israel and USA warned Russian regime against its declared intention to provide the Syrian military with advanced surface-to-air missiles within two weeks, saying the move would further destabilize the region and increase already high tensions

October 2018: 19 October 2018: Russian regime has reportedly delivered a more advanced version of its S-300 missile defense system to Assad's military as part of its effort to thwart Israeli airstrikes against Iranian-backed forces - 25 October 2018: Israeli defense minister Liberman rejects Russian ‘restrictions’ on Israeli strikes in Syria, saying government ‘will not accept’ Putin regime’s demands for additional warnings ahead of raids on Iranian and Iran-linked targets

December 2018: 18 December 2018: Israel said to strongly protest Russian invite to Hamas leader

January/February 2019: 19 January 2019: Russian Putin regime has reportedly asked Israel to halt its airstrikes against Iranian targets near the Damascus airport, also saying that Russian military officials are preparing to renovate the airport that has been damaged in the eight years of Assad's, Russian and Iranian war against the Syrian people - 8 February 2019: Israel must stop Syria strikes, Russian regime says

June 2019: 25 June 2019: Israeli air strikes on Syria undesirable, says Russian regime's Nikolai Patrushev, amid Assad's and Russian regime's northwestern Syria offensive since April 2019, murdering hundreds of civilians, and as Iran-backed terror group Hezbollah is now giving orders to Assad’s army, using it to spy on Israel along Golan border

25 June 2019 Russia with Iran against Israel: 25 June 2019: In trilateral Jerusalem summit, Russian regime sides with Iran against Israel and USA, supporting Iranian regime's ongoing military presence in Syria, which Israel sees as a threat to its security

27/28 June 2019 Russian 'spoofing': 27 June 2019: Israeli officials accused Russian regime of responsibility for the ongoing disruptions to the satellite navigation systems of airplanes flying around Ben Gurion International Airport, appearing to stem from a form of electronic warfare known as 'spoofing' with disruptions it causes to nearby aircraft and ships, and to originate in Syria, where Russian troops and aircraft are fighting on behalf of the country’s dictator Bashar Assad - 28 June 2019: Signals disrupting satellite navigation for planes flying through Israeli airspace in recent weeks originate inside a Russian air base inside Syria, according to USA researcher, saying signals are detectable from space, appearing to come from new deployment of Russian regime’s electronic warfare systems

14 September 2019 obsequious PM Netanyahu meets Putin: 14 September 2019: Russian murderous Putin regime threatens to shoot down Israeli jets invading Syria to conduct airstrikes against Iran-backed targets, as obsequious PM Netanyahu meets Putin after 3-hour wait in Moscow

September 2019 Russian Jews increasingly moving to Israel: 22 September 2019: As Putin cracks down on democracy, Russian Jews increasingly moving to Israel

October 2019 Naama Issachar case: 13 October 2019: In a deepening diplomatic row Israel is urging its citizens to 'think twice' before visiting Russia, as Israel’s leaders stepped up their appeals to Russian regime’s Putin to release an Israeli woman who has been sentenced to seven and a half years in prison after being found with a small quantity of marijuana, in what is regarded by Israel as a wildly excessive punishment

29 October 2019 mother barred from visiting Naama Issachar: 29 October 2019: Mother of Israeli Naama Issachar jailed in Russia barred from visiting daughter

November 2019 Russia in possession of captured advanced Israeli interceptor missile: 6 November 2019: Russian regime is in possession of an advanced Israeli interceptor missile that was launched last year in response to Syrian rocket fire and recovered by Assad regime's military forces, according to a Chinese news site

December 2019 Russia to release 4-year-old Israeli girl detained for overstaying her visa: 6 December 2019: Russia to release 4-year-old Israeli girl detained for overstaying her visa, after Emily’s father Yigal said after her detainment 'they made a 4.5-year-old girl into a criminal, invading terrorist'

5 February 2020 Israelis detained at Moscow airport for 2nd time in days: 5 February 2020: Israelis detained at Moscow airport, denied entry to Russia for 2nd time in days, as authorities reportedly lock five passengers in room with no water or bathroom for six hours, without contact with the outside world, then send them back to Israel

19 October 2020 Russian warplane dangerously close to Israir passenger flight: 19 October 2020: Russian warplane said to come dangerously close to an 'Israir' Airbus A320 passenger flight, as Sukhoi Su-27 approaches and flies alongside the Israeli airbus flying from the Greek island of Rhodes to Tel Aviv

25 July 2021 Israeli airstrikes in Syria shake up Israel’s detente with Russian regime: 25 July 2021: Israeli airstrikes in Syria shake up Israel’s detente with Russian regime, as regime's announcement that it disrupted an Israeli attack in Syria reflects concern over Israeli airstrikes reaching closer to areas where Russia is present

24 January 2022 Israel, Jewish Groups discuss airlifting Ukraine's jews if Russia invades: 24 January 2022: With a possible Russian invasion of Ukraine looming, a briefing held Sunday by top officials in the Israeli government and Jewish organizations discussed the level of threat to Jewish communities in Ukraine and the possibility that Israel will facilitate an evacuation program

3 May 2022: Russia's Putin regime doubles down, says Israel 'supports neo-Nazi regime in Ukraine': 3 May 2022: Russia's Putin regime doubles down, says Israel 'supports neo-Nazi regime in Ukraine', after regime's FM Lavrov some days ago claimed Adolf Hitler had Jewish origins, as fascist Putin regime is committing war crimes in Ukraine since February

18 May 2022 Russians fire S-300 at Israeli jets in Syria: 18 May 2022: The Israeli Air Force may change its mode of operation when striking Iranian-related targets in Syria following a recent incident where Russia fired a missile from an S-300 air defense system at Israeli jets — a move that a senior Israeli defense source described as a 'very strange and worrying' act by Russian forces

21 July 2022 Russian Ministry of Justice wants the liquidation of the Jewish Agency for Israel: 21 July 2022: The Russian Ministry of Justice has asked a local court to rule on the liquidation of the Jewish Agency for Israel, claiming that it had violated Russian law during its activities in the country, after it was reported that Israel had clarification from Moscow following reports that the Kremlin has threatened to shut down the Jewish Agency’s aliyah activities in Russia amidst a sharp increase in immigration to the Jewish state

Russia/Italy relations: Russia/Italy relations

2013: 26 December 2013: First Greenpeace activist, Italy's Christian d'Alessandro, gets visa to leave Russia

March 2018 Russian networks worked to boost xenophobic and neo-fascist discourse in Italy: 5 March 2018: Russian networks worked to boost xenophobic and neo-fascist discourse in Italy ahead of elections, according to Spanish newspaper 'El País'

August 2018 Russian trolls' attack on Italian president investigated: 6 August 2018: Russian trolls' attack on Italian president in May 2018, just a few hours after Sergio Mattarella refused to appoint Eurosceptic Savona Minister of Finance, to be investigated in Italy as 'terrorism'

31 March 2021 Italy expels two Russian officials over alleged purchase of secret files in ‘clandestine meeting’: 31 March 2021: Italy has expelled two Russian officials after an Italian navy captain was arrested for allegedly passing confidential documents to one of them, as police said they had intervened 'during a clandestine meeting' between the Italian and a Russian military official and 'immediately after the transfer of a document by the Italian officer in exchange for a sum of money', and as the two people involved are accused of serious crimes related to spying and state security, the police said

7 January 2022 arrested Ukrainian opera director vows to fight Putin ‘oppression’: 7 January 2022: Ukrainian opera director Yevhen Lavrenchuk was detained in Naples on an international arrest warrant issued by Russia's Putin regime during a stopover in the city on 17 December, as opera director has pledged to continue his fight against Russian regime's 'oppression' as calls for his release mount from around the world

Russia/Japan relations: Russia/Japan relations

1904-1905: Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905

1918-1922: Japanese Siberian Intervention of 1918–1922 was part of a larger effort by western powers and Japan to support 'White Russian' forces - Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War, 1918-1922 (Japanese withdrawal from Siberia)

1917-1991: Japan/USSR relations

1932-1945: Japan/USSR border conflicts 1932-1945

1938: The Battle of Lake Khasan 1938 was an attempted military incursion by the Empire of Japan

1940: 1940 Tripartite Pact was the pact that established the Axis Powers Germany, Italy and Japan of World War II

2013/2014: 25 August 2013: As a pair of Russian military planes flew along Japan's northern coastline and after Russian planes breached Japan's airspace repeatedly in 2013, Japan scrambled fighter jets - 23 September 2014: Japan postpones Putin's visit over Ukraine conflict

Russia/Kazakhstan relations: Russia/Kazakhstan relations - Russians in Kazakhstan

1949-1991 Semipalatinsk Nuclear Weapons Test Site: 1949-1991 Semipalatinsk Test Site, the primary testing venue for the Soviet Union's nuclear weapons 1949-1989 with little regard for their effect on the local people or environment, the full impact of radiation exposure was hidden for many years and has only come to light since the test site closed in 1991

Uranium One: Uranium One

2013: 2 July 2013: Unmanned Russian rocket crashes in Kazakhstan, releasing poisonous rocket fuel

7 January 2022 Putin regime's intervention in Kazakhstan: 7 January 2022: Putin taking a risk in Kazakhstan and may hope for reward, as CSTO may be an alliance but decision to intervene in Kazakhstan was almost certainly taken in Moscow, 'The Guardian' reports

29 March 2013 Putin regime urges 'all' sides to refrain from muscle-flexing: 29 March 2013: Instead of taking strong action against the North Korean dictator threatening nuclear war Putin's foreign ministry, supporting the contempt for mankind, presumes to urge 'all' sides to refrain from muscle-flexing

2014 Russia writes off almost $10 billion of North Korea debt, eyes gas pipeline to South Korea: 19 April 2014: Russia writes off almost $10 billion of North Korea debt, eyes gas pipeline to South Korea - 30 September 2014: North Korean regime's foreign minister begins 10-day Russia visit in attempt to boost cooperation

6 September 2022 Russia to buy North Korean artillery shells, rockets: 6 September 2022: Russia to buy North Korean artillery shells, rockets, according to a New York Times report, saying declassified intelligence from the USA says that Putin's Russia is turning to isolated state to secure weapons as sanctions bite. Russia has deepened ties with countries including North Korea and Iran since its invasion of Ukraine in February drew international condemnation and sanctions that have made it more difficult to keep its military supplied with weapons and equipment.

Russia/North Korea relations: Russia/North Korea relations

24 August 2011 Kim Jong-il in rare Russian talks on economic co-operation: 24 August 2011: Kim Jong-il in rare Russian talks on economic co-operation (Gazprom)

Russia/Romania relations: Russia/Romania relations - Paris Peace Treaties 1947

2014: 10 May: Romania asks Russia for an explanation after regime's deputy PM Dmitry Rogozin, sanctioned by the EU, tweeted he would return in a TU-160 strategic bomber reacting to being barred from Romania's airspace

January 2019: 23 January 2019: The head of Russia's SVR foreign intelligence agency Sergei Naryshkin met Saudi Arabia's Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, as well as the head of the kingdom's intelligence services, following the Russian poisoning of S. Skripal in 2018, the Saudi assassination of Jamal Khashoggi, and the mockery of the victims at G20

April 2018: 23 April 2018: Grassroots women activists Makoma Lekalakala and Liz McDaid, who were the sole signatories of a successful legal challenge against the plan for South Africa to buy up to 10 nuclear power stations from Russia's Putin regime at an estimated cost of $76bn, are among the winners of this year’s Goldman environment prize

October 2019 Russian regime landed two nuclear-capable bombers in South Africa: 24 October 2019: Russian regime landed two nuclear-capable bombers in South Africa on a training mission, a flight apparently timed to coincide with Putin's opening of a Russia-Africa summit designed to increase Russian regime's influence

19 July 2023 South Africa’s president says Putin will not attend the BRICS summit in the country: 19 July 2023: Russia's dictator Putin will not attend the BRICS summit in Johannesburg next month, South Africa’s president announced on Wednesday, a decision that allows the host nation to avoid the difficult predicament of whether to arrest the Russian leader, who is the subject of an international warrant

Russia/Spain relations: Russia/Spain relations

2016: 16 June 2016: Mob of Russian 'ultras' put Spanish football fan in hospital in Germany, punching and kicking two tourists and their friends in an 'extremely aggressive and brutal' way

Russia/Sudan relations: Russia/Sudan relations

25 May 2023 Russia's Wagner mercenary group provided missiles to Sudan’s RSF, says USA Treasury: 25 May 2023: Russia’s Wagner mercenary group provided the Sudanese paramilitary forces with surface-to-air missiles. The USA Treasury Department sanctioned Ivan Alexandrovich Maslov, the leader of the Wagner Group in Mali, for collaborating with the Russian paramilitary group to disrupt the stability of several African countries.

Russia/Sweden relations: Russia/Sweden relations

June 2015: 19 June 2015: Russia warns Sweden it will face military action if it joins Nato - 4 September 2015: Sweden rethinking neutrality amid fear of Russian aggression

January 2019: 24 January 2019: Russian fighter jets violated Sweden's airspace amid several reports of airspace violations by Russian military aircraft in the Baltic Sea region and an increased presence of Russian military vessels

Russia/Switzerland relations: Russia/Switzerland relations

2009 'Renova Group' Vekselberg fined: 6. April 2009: Strafverfahren gegen 'Renova Group' Vekselberg, welcher 31,2% an Sulzer hält, im Fall Sulzer - In 2009 Vekselberg was fined $38m by Swiss authorities

Since 2014 Ownership structure of OC Oerlikon technology group: Since 2014 Ownership structure of OC Oerlikon technology group and Renova Group - Since 1990 'Renova Group' Russian conglomerate with interests in aluminium, oil, energy, telecoms and a variety of other sectors, primarily active in Russia, the C.I.S. states, Switzerland, South Africa and the USA

February 2014 Ueli Maurer gives gifts to Polonium- and Sarin-Putin in the 'House of Switzerland': 16. Februar 2014: Putin von Bundesrat Ueli Maurer im 'House of Switzerland' empfangen und mit Geschenken begrüsst

2016 'largest oil deal in Russia's history': 11 December 2016: Despite western sanctions, war criminal Putin enabled by Anglo–Swiss 'Glencore plc' to ink 'largest oil deal in Russia's history', as Russian state holding company Rosneftegaz on Saturday signed a deal with the Qatar Investment Authority and commodities trader Glencore to sell a 19.5% stake in state-owned oil major Rosneft

April/May 2018 Swiss corporations's payments: In April 2018, the USA imposed sanctions on 'Renova Group' Vekselberg and 23 other Russian nationals - 9 May 2018: Donald Trump’s attorney and legal fixer Michael Cohen was paid half a million dollars by through an affiliate of the Renova investment group owned by Viktor Vekselberg and closely linked to Vladimir Putin - 10 May 2018: USA's special counsel Robert Mueller investigating payments made by corporations to Trump’s attorney Michael Cohen, including Swiss pharmaceuticals company Novartis, as Novartis confirmed it had paid Cohen $1.2m - 23 May 2018: Columbus Nova, an investment firm and the USA affiliate of Moscow-based Renova Group corporation owned by Viktor Vekselberg, that paid Donald Trump’s legal fixer Michael Cohen, was also involved in securing hundreds of millions of dollars in funding for the Russian oligarch from Russian state-controlled VTB Bank with ties to Russia’s intelligence services

July/September 2018 cyberattacks against Swiss chemical weapons experts and spying: 30 July 2018: Hackers linked to Russian government targeted Swiss chemical weapons experts in a Bern-based laboratory, apparently targeted for its role in the investigation into the Skripals' poisoning in the UK - 16 September 2018: Swiss foreign ministry has summoned Russia’s ambassador three times this year to raise concerns about suspected operations targeting organisations based in Switzerland, including a laboratory used to test chemical weapons

October 2018: 19 October 2018: Russian spying significant and increasing, according to Swiss authorities, believing two Russian spies targeted a Swiss chemical weapons facility and plotted a cyber attack against the offices of the World Anti-Doping Agency

September 2018: 8 September 2018: Intelligence agencies are investigating a series of trips by the two Russian hitmen Ruslan Boshirov and Alexander Petrov to Geneva prior to carrying out the nerve agent attack on Salisbury in March 2018 - 17 September 2018: A diplomatic war of words between Switzerland and Russia has intensified, with the Swiss demanding that Moscow cease spying activities on its territory after two suspected espionage cases came to light in recent days

September 2018 Russian oligarch Abramovich case: 25 September 2018: People around the world can be informed that Russian oligarch Roman Abramovich was known for 'suspicion of money laundering and presumed contacts with criminal organisations', posing a 'threat to public security', according to Swiss police, also asserting that there was reason to believe that 'the applicant’s assets are at least partially of illegal origin', after Swiss federal supreme court rejected Abramovich’s appeal against newspaper publisher

24 May 2022 'Russia House' in Davos converted into 'Russian War Crimes House': 24 May 2022 Russian oligarchs' 'Russia House' in Davos in Switzerland - a Central European country also known despite UN's presence in Geneva for its best relations with Ruasian oligarchs and war profiteers - converted into 'Russia Warcrimes House' in 2022, Bloomberg's Madison Mills reports with video, as 'New York Times' explains how for years, wealthy Russians, oligarchs and war profiteers made the Alpine ski resort of Davos their fur-lined playground, especially during the yearly World Economic Forum WEF, renting lavish chalets, threwing bacchanalian parties, welcoming V.I.P. guests to the Russia House with chilled vodka, now in 2022 Russia is a pariah at this gathering in Switzerland, its diplomats disinvited, its oligarchs blacklisted, and the Russia House converted by a wealthy Ukrainian businessman into 'Russian War Crimes House'. In place of the vodka is a harrowing photo exhibition of wartime atrocities.

Russia/Syria relations: Russia/Syria relations

Since 1971 military, economic and political relations: Since 1971 military, economic and political cooperation and support, Russia became Syria's main arms supplier - Since 2015 Russian paramilitary organisation Wagner Group in Syria - Seit 2016 soll Jewgeni Prigoschin mit seiner Firma Evro Polis einen Vertrag mit dem syrischen Assad Regime haben, nach dem 25% der Gewinne aus Öl- oder Gasfeldern an Evro Polis fallen, wenn russische Söldner die Anlagen zuvor vom Islamischen Staat erobert haben

2011: Since 2011 Russian involvement in Assad's war against the Syrian people

2012: 19. März 2012: Stark gestiegene Waffenimporte aus Rußland - 10 June: Russia will continue to oppose attempts by the UN Security Council to sanction military intervention in Syria, FM Lavrov says - 12 June 2012: Russia supplying attack helicopters to Syria, says Hillary Clinton - 16 June 2012: Russia may send warships and troops to Syria to protect its logistics base in Tartous, according to a Russian military source - 21 June 2012: Russia must stop providing military supplies to Syria, Arab League's Ahmed Bin Hilli says - 9. Juli 2012: Russland will vorerst keine Waffen mehr an Syrien liefern - 11 juillet: Le chef du Conseil national syrien Abdel Basset Sayda à Moscou pour presser la Russie de lâcher Assad - 11 July 2012: Russia sends a large flotilla of 11 warships to Syria in show of support to Assad - 20 July: Assad ready for ‘civilised’ exit, Russia’s ambassador to France A. Orlov says to Radio France Internationale - 20. Juli 2012: Russische Regierung stoppt angeblich erneut seine Waffenlieferungen an Assad, diesmal im Juni fast angelieferte, dann dementierte Kampfhelikopter - 24 August: Russia's Polonium-Putin regime says Syria's Assad regime has guaranteed it will not deploy its arsenal of chemical weapons - 14 December: Russian deputy FM says opposition fighters are gaining ground and that an opposition victory 'cannot be ruled out' - 18 December: Russia is sending a new flotilla of warships to the Mediterranean - 20 December 2012: Russia's Polonium-Putin recognizes need for change in Syria

2013: 16 January 2013: Bashar al-Assad and his family are living on a warship guarded by the Russian navy, reports say - 23 January: Russians flee Syrian conflict on planes from Beirut - 27 January: PM Medvedev says Assad's chances of keeping power are getting 'smaller and smaller' as war rages - 3 February: Syrian National Coalition's Mouaz al-Khatib has met the foreign ministers of Russia and Iran in first talks raising hope to a possible breakthrough - 13 février 2013: La Russie continuera de livrer des armes à la Syrie - 3 May 2013: Russia and China have rejected UN Security Council plans to inspect Syrian refugee camps in Jordan - 29 May 2013: Russia to send Assad regime air defence system - 31 May 2013: Russia to sell at least 10 MiG fighters in an advanced version to Assad regime, that bombs and murders the own people - 18 June 2013: As the G8 summit calls for immediate peace talks on Syria, isolated Russian Putin clashes with other leaders - 27 June 2013: Iran, Russia and China prop up Assad economy - 11 July: Syria opposition denies Russian chemical attack allegation as Russia blocks a draft UN Security Council resolution calling for a stalled UN chemical weapons investigation team to be allowed to visit Syria - 29 August: Russia sends warships to Mediterranean - 2 September: Russia sending spy ship to Mediterranean - 4 September: Russia sends missile cruiser to Mediterranean - 18 September: Russia 'ignoring facts' over Syria attack, USA says after UN report on the use of chemical weapons in the Ghouta Area of Damascus on 21 August 2013

2014: 17 January 2014: Russia steps up military supplies to Assad's regime, including armored vehicles, drones and guided bombs - 21 February 2014: Iran steps up support for Assad regime providing elite teams to gather intelligence and train troops along with deliveries of munitions and equipment from Russia - 22 May 2014: Russia and China veto UN draft resolution calling for Assad's war in Syria to be referred to the ICC, ignoring support for the measure by 65 other countries and all other members of the security council

2015: 19 June 2015: Putin reaffirms Russia's support for Syria's Assad at an economic conference in the city of St Petersburg - 7 September: Russian military experts who arrived in Syria weeks ago, inspect air bases and work to enlarge some runways, particularly in the north, as Assad regime expects to get more Russian attack helicopters - 11 September: Russian regime admits on Thursday that it ships both humanitarian aid and military equipment to Syrian Assad regime by air - 14 September 2015: Russia sends artillery and T-90 tanks to Syrian Assad regime as part of continued military buildup - 15 September: Russian regime reportedly building up military presence near Latakia, flying cargo planes through Iran, Iraq airspace to resupply Assad - 16 September: International condemnation of Russia's military build-up in Syria - 17 September 2015: Assad's army starts using new Russian ground and air weapons - 18 September: Russia ready to consider sending troops to Syria if Assad regime asks, Russian regime's spokesman says - 18 September: About 100 civilians in Syria reportedly died yesterday as Assad puts new Russian weapons to use - 21 September 2015: After pro-regime forces launched a rocket attack on a market popularly in the neighborhood of Al-Shaa’r in Aleppo, killing 33 civilians, most of them women and children, Syrian Coalition condemns Russia and Iran as partners in Assad’s massacres, also stating, that Russian intervention in Syria makes it an occupying country - 22 September 2015: Russian regime sending thousands of troops, dozens of jets to Syria, supporting Assad - 23 September: Satellite images suggest Russia building military facilities in Syria - 24 September: Russia sending troops to Syria directly from Crimea, Crimean Tatars' Mustafa Dzemilev says - 27 September: After Russian planes bombed Aleppo in Syria, video footage has emerged on a social media website showing the aftermath of airstrikes - 29 September: Russia orders removal of Syrian military personnel from Lattakia airport or its surroundings - 29 September: Weapons deployed by Russia, including sophisticated air-defense system, indicate that defeating Islamic State terrorists not main goal of Russia in Syria, Nato general says - 30 September: European journalists for the first time managed to fix Russia's military presence and equipment in Syria, showing Russian military helicopters, aircrafts and AN-helicopters based at the Latakia airfield

Since September 2015 Russian military intervention in Syria, air raids and war crimes against Syrian people: Since 30 September 2015 Russian military intervention in Assad's war against the Syrian people, first attacking areas in Latakia, Homs, and Hama province and murdering 36 civilians and wounding Free Syrian Army members

Since September 2015 Russian–Assad regime hospital bombing campaign: Since September 2015 Russian–Assad regime hospital bombing campaign - 29 September 2016: Syria hospital attacks are 'war crimes', UN's Ban Ki-moon says - Since September 2015 Russian regime's war crimes and attacks on civilians in Syria - Casualties of Assad's war against the Syrian people

October 2015: 1 October 2015: Russian Orthodox church backs Putin's 'holy war' in Syria - 1 October: Syrian Coalition and rebel factions condemn the Russian aggression against the Syrian people pointing out that the airstrikes on Homs and Hama where over 50 people were killed have exposed Russia's real intentions in front of the international community - 1 October: East Ghouta protest against Russia's military intervention in Syria condemning the massacres committed by the Russian air force against civilians and rejecting all forms of foreign intervention in Syria - 3 October 2015: Russian air force struck field hospitals providing medical care to civilians over the past two days, prompting the medical staff to declare a state of emergency and to evacuate all hospitals close to the Turkish border and in Hama province, Syrian Coalition says - 5 October 2015: A Russian TV forecaster predicts 'excellent weather' for bombing Syria, edited with footage from a bombing raid - 6 October: Russia drops more bombs on Syria - 7 October: Wave of Russian air strikes hit the Syrian provinces of Hama and Idlib early on Wednesday, also targeting towns close to the main north-south highway accompanied by regime forces and ground shelling - 7 October: Syrian Coalition slams Russia’s bombing of FSA’s Suqur al-Jabal Headquarters, stressing that the Russian airstrikes against Syrian rebels will boost Islamic State terrorists, adding that Islamic State targeted Suqur al-Jabal’s headquarters with a car bomb directly after the Russian air raid - 7 October: More than 90% of Russia’s military strikes in Syria have not been aimed at the Islamic State group or jihadists, and have instead targeted the moderate Syrian opposition, the USA State Department says - 8 October: An intense wave of Russian air strikes hit towns of Kafr Zita, Kafr Nabudah, Sayyad and the village of Lataminah in Hama province, as well as Khan Shaykhun and Alhbit in Idleb province, Reuters and monitoring group report - 8/9 October: Syrian National Coalition's Khaled Khoja says that the Russian invasion of Syria destabilizes the region and threatens its security, as Russian, Iranian and Syrian regime forces, supported by Russian air power, retreat from areas they have previously occupied in Hama’s northern countryside - 16 October 2015: Assad's army launches Aleppo offensive with Russian and Iranian support, the first time Iranian fighters take part on such a scale in war in Syria - 16 October 2015: The Russian air force committed an appalling massacre in the town of Terre Maaleh north of Homs when it targeted a bakery inside the town, killing civilians, mostly children, and wounding many others - 16 October 2015: An al-Souria Net correspondent in Homs has confirmed the accidental bombing of regime forces by Russian warplanes on Thursday, targeting many locations and killing two brigadiers and six soldiers - 16 October 2015: Russian-Iranian aggression on Syria has killed 878 civilians, including 86 children and 65 women, since 30 September, the largest number of victims recorded in Aleppo, where 301 civilians were killed, mostly as a result of the Russian aerial bombardment, in addition 142 people were killed in Homs, 137 Damascus and its suburbs, 100 in Dara’a, and 94 in Hama - 20 October 2015: About 120 persons died and wounded, including women and children, in a massacre by Russian warplanes in areas at the northern countryside of Lattakia - 20 October 2015: Russian warplanes carried out more airstrikes in the countryside of Lattakia, which resulted in the death of 7 people at least - 21 October 2015: 1,229 Syrians, including 125 children and 89 women, killed in Russian-Iranian aggression since 30 September, the largest number of victims was recorded in Aleppo province, where 402 civilians were killed, mostly as a result of the Russian aerial bombardment - 22 October: Russian regime tries to hide its casualties in Syria, as bodies of 26 soldiers were secretly transported to a Crimean port city - 22 October: At least three Syrian hospitals bombed since Russian airstrikes began, doctors say, as the latest attack kills at least 12 people at Sarmin hospital in Idlib province and as at least three of the victims are believed to be medical staff - 22 October 2015: The Russian airstrikes on several areas in Syria have led to a new wave of displacement, with approximately 1000 refugees arrived alone in Turkey over the past week - 23 October: Nine Russian air strikes have hit hospitals or field clinics operating in war-torn Syria, killing civilians and medical staff, Syrian medical organisation says - 23 October 2015: Russian warplanes carry out around 40 sorties on the area around Tir Mealla, Sesil, Mahatta and other areas in Homs province, as opposition factions manage to repel an attack on the town of Tir Mealla amid the unprecedented bombing campaign - 23 October 2015: 17 civilians, including six children and five women, reportedly killed in attacks of warplanes on the town of Talbeesa north of Homs - 24 October 2015: Russian warplanes carried out more airstrikes in Hama province targeting a field hospital in the town of Al-Latamneh - 24 October 2015: Russian warplanes carried out several airstrikes on areas in Jabal al-Akrad and Jabal al-Turkman in Lattakia province - 24 October 2015: As Russian airstrikes push more migrants to flee to EU before borders shut and sea gets rougher, more Syrians risk deadly crossings to Greece after more than 502,000 refugees and migrants have entered Greece since the beginning of this year - 24 October 2015: Warplanes believed to be Russian carried out more airstrikes in Idlib province, and in Hama province - 25 October 2015: 500 Syrian civilians killed as Russia maintains deadly offensive and as less than 20% of Russian strikes have targeted IS - 26 October 2015: Human Rights Watch accuses Russia of war crimes in Syria - 26 October 2015: Russian warplanes bombed Qinnisrin school in southern rural Aleppo, destroying large parts of the building, also targeting the village of Sheikh Baraka in Idlib province, murdering a woman and her two children, wounding many civilians, and targeting the villages of Zitan, Khalsa, Khan Tuman and Al-Hadir in Aleppo province - 26 October: Warplanes believed to be Russian carried out more airstrikes in Daraa province - 27 October 2015: Warplanes believed to be Russian carried out more airstrikes in Hama and Idlib province, killing civilians, and in Rif Damashq province - 28 October 2015: Russian warplanes carried out airstrikes on areas in Rif Dimashq province, in Deir Ezzor province, in Aleppo province, and in Hama and Idlib province - 28 October: Up to 30 civilians were killed and dozens wounded in Russian airstrikes across Syria yesterday, Syrian Coalition says - 29 October: Russian regime’s Syrian base in Latakia said to be a transit point for Iran’s supply of equipment and troops to Damascus - 29 October 2015: Warplanes believed to be Russian carried out more airstrikes in Daraa province, and in Aleppo province - 29 October 2015: A member in the medical staff of Al-Lataminah hospital died affected by injuries from airstrikes by Russian warplanes on the field hospital area in the northern countryside of Hama - 29 October 2015: The escalation of attacks by Russia’s air forces, which began in late September, had targeted 12 hospitals in Idlib, Aleppo and Hama provinces, including six supported by Médecins Sans Frontières, a MSF statement says - 30 October 2015: The Russian air force committed a new massacre in Syrian today hitting a market in the district of Douma, near Damascus, with ten guided missiles, killing 55 civilians and wounding 125 others, including women and children in an initial toll - 31 October 2015: In yet the bloodiest days since Russia began launching airstrikes on Syria, 227 civilians, including 43 children and 22 women, were killed in intensified air raids on Aleppo, Rural Damascus, Homs and Idlib, as the Russian airstrikes hit mainly residential areas, markets and field hospitals

November 2015: 1 November 2015: Warplanes believed to be Russian carried out more airstrikes in Aleppo province, in Idlib province - 2 November 2015: Warplanes believed to be Russian carried out more airstrikes in Idlib province, killing a child, and in Aleppo province - 3 November 2015: At least 191 civilians were killed in Douma during the month of October as regime and Russian air strikes targeted several neighborhoods of the city, with 74 deaths recorded over the last three days - 3 November 2015: Assistance Coordination Unit's relief worker Zakaria Hijazi was killed in a Russian airstrike in southern rural Aleppo and the head of Hama aid program Muyassar al-Hamdo died after succumbing to his wounds following a Russian air strike on Tamanaa village - 4 November 2015: Russian warplanes and warplanes believed to be Russian carried out more airstrikes in Hama and Idlib province, in Homs province, and in Rif Damashq province - 5 November 2015: Massacres in Syria in October result in the deaths of at least 513 people including 159 children and 62 women, UK-based rights group reports, as Russian forces were responsible for 10 massacres - 5 November 2015: Russian warplanes and warplanes believed to be Russian carried out more airstrikes in Aleppo province, in Homs province, and in Idlib province - 6 November 2015: Russian warplanes carried out more intensive airstrikes on areas in the towns and villages in Hama province, killing people including children, in Aleppo province - 7 November 2015: Russian warplanes and warplanes believed to be Russian carried out more airstrikes in Hama province, and in Idlib province - 8 November 2015: Russian warplanes and warplanes believed to be Russian carried out more airstrikes in Idlib province, in Lattakia province, and in Hama province - 9 November 2015: Motii Jalal's footage shows the moment a Russian airstrike hits the Sarmin National hospital in Idlib province, killing 12 people and injuring 20 - 10 November 2015: At least 24 Syrian civilians, including three children and a woman, reportedly killed Sunday in regime and Russian air strikes on rebel-held areas across Syria - 10 November 2015: Russian warplanes and warplanes believed to be Russian carried out more airstrikes in Aleppo province, and in Idlib province - 11 November 2015: Russian warplanes and warplanes believed to be Russian carried out more airstrikes in Hama province - 13 November 2015: Russia said to deploy advanced missile system in Syria's Lattakia - 13 November 2015: Russian warplanes and warplanes believed to be Russian carried out more airstrikes in Aleppo province, in Hama and Idlib province, and in Rif Damashq province - 13 November 2015: The Russian air force carried seven air strikes on Benin in rural Idlib, two of which using internationally banned white phosphorous rockets, killing four civilians and wounding many more - 14 November 2015: Russian warplanes and warplanes believed to be Russian carried out more airstrikes in Aleppo and Hama province - 15 November 2015: Russian warplanes and warplanes believed to be Russian carried out more airstrikes in Idlib province, also on areas of Saraqib wounding a number of civilians, and in Homs province - 16 November 2015: Russia does not consider Hezbollah a terrorist group, encouraging their common agression in Syria - 16 November 2015: Russian warplanes and warplanes believed to be Russian carried out more airstrikes in Hama province, and in Aleppo province, also targeting the neighborhood Karam al-Trab and al-Myassar in the city of Aleppo, which led to the death of 2 persons at least and wounded others in al-Myassar neighborhood - 17 November 2015: Russian warplanes and warplanes believed to be Russian carried out more airstrikes in Hama province, and in Idlib province causing casualties - 17 November 2015: Russian airstrikes target Khan Shekhon and kill civilians in Idlib province - 18 November 2015: Russian warplanes and warplanes believed to be Russian carried out more airstrikes in Idlib province, and in Lattakia province - 19 November 2015: Russian warplanes and warplanes believed to be Russian carried out more airstrikes in Hama province, in Aleppo and Idlib province, carrying out deadly raids on villages and towns - 20 November 2015: Russian warplanes and warplanes believed to be Russian carried out more airstrikes in Idlib province, and in Aleppo province - 21 novembre 2015: Des bombardements menés par la Russie et la Syrie ont fait une quarantaine de victimes, dont 10 enfants et des dizaines d'autres blessées, vendredi dans l'est du pays - 21 November 2015: Russian warplanes and warplanes believed to be Russian carried out more airstrikes in Lattakia province, in Aleppo province - 22 November 2015: Russian warplanes and warplanes believed to be Russian carry out more airstrikes in Aleppo province, and in Idlib province, killing civilians, women and children - 23 November 2015: At least 30 civilians have been killed across Deir-ez-Zor province as Russian and Assad regime warplanes target Mayadin, Al-Bukamal, Al-Mohassan and areas surrounding Deir-ez-Zor military air base - 23 November 2015: Russian warplanes and warplanes believed to be Russian carry out more airstrikes in Aleppo province, in al-Raqqa and Idlib province - 23 November 2015: In yet new intensification of its aggression on Syria, the Russian air force bombed the headquarters of Free Aleppo University, the Faculty of Education, and the Faculty of Science in northern rural Aleppo - 23 November 2015: Russian air strikes on Deir Ezzor have caused dozens of civilian casualties, including women and children, Syrian Coalition's Khoja says stressing that instead of targeting ISIS headquarters, the Russian aggression has targeted civilians in Deir Ezzor who have made immense sacrifices on road to freedom - 24 November 2015: Russian warplanes targeted areas of the southern countryside of Aleppo and other areas of the northern countryside leading to injuries - 24 November 2015: FSA's General Ahmed Berri said that Turkey downed a Russian jet fighter after it bombed civilians in the town of Jisr al-Shughur and violated the Turkish airspace, revealing that the FSA fighters captured the one of the pilots while the second one was killed - 25 November 2015: Russian airstrikes on areas of the Turkman mount and on al-Akrad mount in Lattakia province - 25 November 2015: At least seven people died, 10 injured in an airstrike reportedly by Russian jets targeting an aid convoy in the northwestern Syrian town of Azaz near a border crossing with Turkey - 26 November: Syrian Coalition strongly condemns the Russian air force’s targeting of a relief aid convoy near Izaz, which left six civilians killed and burnt eight trucks, as Russia also intensified air strikes on the rebel-held villages along the Turkish border in northern rural Latakia

July 2016: 2 July 2016: 16 civilians, including 7 children, reportedly killed and many more were injured in Russian airstrikes on a popular market in the neighborhood of Tariq Albab in Aleppo late on Friday, as Russian airstrikes also target residential neighborhoods in the rebel-held parts of the city and its northern countryside - 6 July 2016: Three Palestinians were killed and at least five injured by apparent Russian airstrikes on Monday targeting the Khan al-Shih neighborhood southwest of Damascus which is considered a Palestinian refugee camp, causing heavy damage to civilian houses and destroying a building housing the foundation’s Child Friendly Space, according to the Jafra Foundation - 7 July 2016: Russian and Syrian regime warplanes struck opposition-held parts of Syria’s northwestern Aleppo province on Thursday, after Assad regime declares 72-hour countrywide ceasefire, also violating its own ceasefire-announcement in Damascus and Idlib provinces - 12 July 2016: Russian warplanes carry out a massacre in the village of Burj Qai, Homs province, striking civilian homes with a number of air raids, killing eight and injuring dozens - 14 July 2016: Ten people were killed and dozens injured, including many children, in Russian airstrikes on a makeshift camp for internally displaced people along the Syrian Jordanian border - 21 July 2016: SNHR documents 54 Russian cluster munitions attacks on Syria - 22 July 2016: At least 10 civilians reportedly killed and 50 wounded in airstrikes by Russian forces on Idlib city on Friday morning - 24 juillet 2016: Des bombardements aériens, menés par la Syrie et la Russie, ont touchés les établissements dans les quartiers est de la ville, assiégés depuis le 17 juillet par le régime - 24 July 2016: Four makeshift hospitals and a local blood bank in Syria's battered Aleppo city have been hit by regime air raids in the past 24 hours, including the children's hospital in a besieged eastern neighbourhood, where the bombardment killed a two-day-old baby, according to a group of doctors - 26 July 2016: Russian warplanes fired vacuum missiles and cluster bombs at residential neighborhoods, hitting Atareb's main hospital and medicine stores and wounding 45 more people - 27 July 2016: Russian warplanes yesterday carried out air strikes on the northern Homs countryside striking a home for assisting the elderly in the Saan area, in addition to an office for documenting war violations in another area of the countryside - 28 July 2016: As Russian forces step up airstrikes on Aleppo, causing heavy civilian casualties and massive damage to infrastructure, Aleppo Provincial Local Council declares state of emergency - 28 July 2016: Human Rights Watch accuses Assad's regime and its ally Russia of extensively using banned cluster munitions in their offensive against Syrian opposition

August 2016: 1 August 2016: 12 casualties, including children and women, at least in Russian and Assad regime airstrikes at the eastern and northern countryside of Idlib - 3 August 2016: Russian warplanes carried out a massacre in Atarib in the western Aleppo countryside on Tuesday targeting the city’s market, killing more than six people and wounding dozens more, according to preliminary reports - 3 August 2016: Supported by Russian terrorist air forces, Assad regime shells places, carries out raids on areas in Aleppo city and province, including tens of airstrikes by Russian warplanes on al-Hikmah School and other areas in south and southwest of the city - 5 August 2016: Air strikes believed carried out by Russian warplanes hit two displaced persons' camps west of Aleppo and near the Turkish border, killing at least two children and wounding 30 people - 6 August 2016: Russian fighter jets carried out at least 28 airstrikes on the town of Saraqib in rural Idlib on Friday, with cluster bombs used in some of those raids, as at least 16 civilians, including 7 children and one woman, were killed in Russian airstrikes on the neighborhoods of Almarja and Tareeq Albab in eastern Aleppo and 4 more civilians from one family were killed in barrel bomb attacks by regime forces - 8 August 2016: Russian warplanes are attacking the town of Saraqeb, its vicinity and countryside until today with more than 105 airstrikes causing destruction of homes, schools, public facilities, institutions of electricity and water and medical points, leaving four casualties at least including a child, and about 70 wounded - 8 August 2016: Hospital supported by Doctors Without Borders in rebel-held northern province of Idlib that specialized in pediatrics hit by series of airstrikes in broad daylight, leaving four staff and five children dead and injuring six other hospital staff members - 8 August 2016: Continuous airstrikes target Aleppo, its countryside and outskirts, causing casualties and wounded people - 9 August 2016: Six civilians, including two children, reportedly killed when a ballistic missile hit the town of Daret Izza in rural Aleppo, fired from a Russian warship anchored off the Syrian coast, as Daraya west of Damascus was pounded with a barrage of barrel bombs, rockets and mortar shells - 13 August 2016: Russian jets destroy pediatric and maternity hospital in Kafar Hamra in Aleppo province - 15 August 2016: Assad regime and Russian warplanes launched 40 air raids with vacuum bombs and over half-ton bombs on Tayir Malaa village and the cities of Talbiyse and al-Rastan in Homs province, killing civilians and injuring scores, mostly women and children - 15 August 2016: Russian air strikes hit Idlib destroying a large part of the Church of the Virgin Mary, the only church in the city, in addition to destroying much of the Christian district in a repeated assault - 15 August 2016: Russian warplanes hit Kafarnaha, Qabtan al-Jebel, and Howr in the western Aleppo countryside, simultaneously with artillery bombardment on Andan in the northern countryside, leaving dozens killed and wounded - 17 August 2016: Russian fighter jets destroy hospital in Daret Izza, rural Aleppo - 30 August 2016: Assad regime and Russian air forces carried out 23 airstrikes on the district of Alwaer in Homs province, killing seven civilians and wounding 32 others also causing massive damage to civilian homes and infrastructure

September 2016: 3 September 2016: Annual report, co-produced by Handicap International and the Cluster Munition Coalition, on cluster munitions reveals Russia’s 'intense and repeated' use of cluster munitions in Syria, especially in the provinces of Aleppo, Homs and Idlib - 4 September 2016: Russian-backed Syrian regime sees siege tactics pay off as measures like burning farmland and denying entry to medical aid has led to surrender of key holdout areas of Daraya and Moadamiyeh, once hubs of the Syrian uprising - 21 September 2016: Russian planes dropped bombs that destroyed UN aid convoy and killed at least 20 people in opposition-controlled Urem al-Kubra in Syria, according to USA officials also saying two Russian Sukhoi SU-24 warplanes were in the sky above the aid convoy at the precise time it was struck - 22 September 2016: Assad regime and Russian air forces have targeted no fewer than 52 hospitals and medical centers since the beginning of 2016, also repeatedly targeting aid convoys destined for besieged civilians, the latest of which was a UN-Syrian Arab Red Crescent aid convoy near Aleppo on Tuesday, Syrian interim government's Jawad Abu Hatab states - 23 September 2016: FSA groups have footage showing the moment the attack on Aleppo-bound aid convoy on Tuesday took place and the remnants of the weapons used, as the Russian invaders bombed the town with internationally banned weapons, especially napalm, and facilities and universities were also targeted by air strikes which killed a number of students, says interim government PM - 23 September 2016: Assad regime helicopters resume dropping barrel bombs on a number of besieged districts inside Aleppo city, resulting in a number of deaths and injuries among civilians amid bombardment from Russian warplanes on opposition positions south of the city - 26 September 2016: As USA during UN Security Council meeting slams Russian regime's barbarism in Syria, Russian ambassador says ending the war 'is almost an impossible task now'

October 2016: 3 October 2016: More than 1,400 killed or wounded civilians since Russian and Assad regime ended ceasefire in Aleppo - 8 October 2016: USA Secretary of State John Kerry called Friday for Russia and Syria to face a war crimes investigation for their attacks on Syrian civilians - 8 October 2016: Russia is building up its forces in Syria since Russian and Syrian regime ended ceasefire in late September, sending in troops, planes and advanced missile systems, a Reuters analysis of publicly available tracking data shows - 11 October 2016: Russian regime to create permanent naval base in Syria - 11 October 2016: Russian jets resumed heavy bombing of rebel-held eastern Aleppo on Tuesday - 16 October 2016: 31 casualties are today’s death toll of massacres by Russian/Assad warplanes and the regime forces in Aleppo city - 16 October 2016: At least 11 people were killed and 25 others injured when Russian fighter jets targeted a drug warehouse and a civil defense center in Turmanin neighborhood of Idlib - 17 octobre 2016: Au moins 12 civils ont été tués lundi dans des raids aériens par le régime d'Assad et son allié russe à Alep, faisant monter à 45 le bilan des morts dans cette ville en 24 heures, selon l'Observatoire syrien des droits de l'Homme - 17 October 2016: At least 40 civilians were killed and many more wounded in Russian airstrikes on Aleppo city and its countryside on Monday, according to activists saying that 'bunker-buster bombs' were used causing massive damage to residential buildings - 17 October 2016: According to a SNHR report on Sunday, Russian and Assad forces have killed 361 civilians, including 96 children and 55 women, since their ending of the ceasefire on 18 September, recording that Russian forces carried out 13 massacres and 22 acts of aggression against civilian centers, using incendiary weapons in six attacks - 18 October 2016: Al-Iman hospital in Sarja area in Idlib out of service due to the damages caused by the aerial bombardment by Russian warplanes - 19 October 2016: After more than 2,700 civilian casualties, hundreds of murdered, wounded and permanently disabled victims documented by SOHR in the month since the 19th of September 2016 in Aleppo province and city, where in the past 48 hours at least 55 citizens including 21 children and 9 females were murdered, some hours of no-bombing over Aleppo's eastern neighborhoods granted by unchallenged Russian, Iranian and Assad war criminals - 24 October 2016: Assad airstrikes kill 13 civilians in rural Idlib as regime forces hit Douma, rural Damascus with cluster bombs, as six civilians were killed in Russian airstrikes on the town of Kafar Takharim - 25 October 2016: Russian and regime warplanes escalate their attacks on the cities, towns and countryside of Idlib with high-explosive bombs as Russia announces no intention to reinstate humanitarian pause - 26 October 2016: Airstrikes by Russian and the Assad regime air forces using high-explosive parachute-retarded bombs hit a schools complex and a public market in the town of Hass in rural Idlib, killing at least 26 civilians and wounding dozens more, mostly schoolchildren and teachers - 26 October 2016: Rose to 76 including 38 children and women, the number of civilians who were killed by Russian and Assad's aerial bombardments targeting areas of Idlib countryside since the 20th of October until today, while no less than 150 others were wounded and seriously wounded including women and children - 29 October 2016: Continuing Russian-backed terror attacks, Assad regime forces shell places and carry out raids on areas in Damascus and in Rif Damashq province, again in Rif Damashq province, as regime forces shell places in the city of Zabadani, while helicopters are dropping barrel bombs on areas at the outskirts of Khan al-Shih camp in the Western Ghouta, again in Rif Damashq province, in Hama province, in Daraa and in Idlib province, also dropping more barrel bombs amid aerial bombardment targeting Maara Masrin, Benesh and other areas of the northern countryside, al-Bara town in the Zawiya mount and in Aleppo province, targeting Hreitan and al-Bab city, in Homs province, again in Homs province, and in Aleppo province, while Russian and regime’s warplanes renewed the raids on the front stretching from the outskirts of Jam’eyyat al-Zahra’a neighborhood west of Aleppo city, to the southern and southwestern outskirts of the city - 30 October 2016: The dead from Wednesday’s airstrikes near a school complex in Idlib province included 22 children, Unicef's director Alan Lane says, adding that six teachers also died in the attacks

November 2016: 1 November 2016: At least 1,106 people, including 791 civilians, were killed in attacks by the Assad regime and Russian forces across Syria in October 2016, SNHR says - 2 November 2016: Syrian Coalition's Riad Hijab slams Russia's defense minister's remarks about postponing political solution 'indefinitely’ - 4 November 2016: Hundreds of artificial limbs blocked the entrance to the Russian Embassy in London on Thursday as members of the Syria Campaign group protested Russian regime's airstrikes in Syria's largest city of Aleppo - 4 November 2016: At least 9 members of the medical staff and rescue workers were killed in 44 attacks by the Assad and Russian regime in October as regime forces used napalm in rural Damascus and the Russian air force targeted 6 medical facilities and 7 ambulances, SNHR says - 5 November 2016: Russian regime denies that it has troops involved in combat operations in Syria, but when 'private contractors' die while supporting the Assad regime, their families receive medals with certificates signed by Putin - 5 November 2016: Activists in western rural Aleppo say that at least 22 civilians were killed and many more injured in airstrikes by the Russian air force on the town of Kafar Naha on Friday, also reporting that most of the victims were children and women, as Russian jets also raided the towns of Atareb, Khan Alassal, and Orem Alqubra despite regime’s announcement of a 'humanitarian pause', and as airstrikes and massacres in rural Damascus and Idlib continue - 6 November 2016: Russian aviation reportedly shelled parachute bombs targeting Aleppo's western opposition-held towns of Atarib, Darat Izzah and Ibbin Village, killing at least 11 civilians including women and children and injuring another 25 - 10 November 2016: Russian forces reportedly committed a horrible massacre against unarmed civilians in the town of Mishmishan in western rural Idlib when Russian jets hit the town with several high-explosive missiles - 12 November 2016: Assad regime and Russian air forces bombed two hospitals in the provinces of Hama and Aleppo on Friday, putting them out of service - 14 November 2016: Russian air strikes kill 9 civilians in Aleppo, some 30 people were injured and three children among those killed in the Russian attack on the opposition-held Kfar Dael village - 15 November 2016: Day after Putin-Trump phone call, Russia launches major Syria offensive from arcraft carrier, renewing murderous bombardment on Aleppo after failed attempts to negotiate humanitarian aid into the besieged city - 15 November 2016: Assad regime and Russian warplanes have destroyed three hospitals and a medical complex in Aleppo and Idlib provinces over the past week, putting them out of service and causing dozens of casualties - 15 November 2016: Tens of casualties and injuries in new massacres by warplanes and Assad's helicopters on the eastern section of Aleppo city and more casualties in al-Bab city - 16 November 2016: Bringing the total number of hospitals targeted by Russian warplanes on Monday in Aleppo's countryside to three, Russian murderous air strikes are targeting and destroying the Baghdad hospital, killing and wounding dozens and burying others under the rubble, while civil defense forces are working to lift the rubble to save the survivors and remove the corpses - 18 November 2016: Russian murderous forces continue to pound Aleppo with airstrikes - 19 November 2016: Regime and Russian airstrikes knock out all hospitals in Aleppo as MSF urges halt to attacks - 23 November 2016: Russian warplanes carried out a massacre on the city of Al-Lataminah in the northern Hama countryside, killing seven civilians and wounding more than 10 others - 28 November 2016: Assad regime and Russian airstrikes on Syrian hospitals continue unabated, as Zahra Women Hospital in Aleppo confirms that the hospital was put out of service on Friday after being directly hit by the regime airstrikes - 28 November 2016: Russia’s 'Defense Ministry' on November 17 published a videotape showing what it claimed as airstrikes on positions of 'terrorist groups' in western rural Aleppo, however, the structures appearing in the video are in fact a factories compound near the town of Atareb used for civilian purposes only and bombed by Russian jets three times in October and November

December 2016: 5 December 2016: 38 civilians confirmed dead including 5 children and 6 persons from the same family including a woman, by Russian airstrikes targeting the city of Maara al-Nuaman in Idlib province, rising the number of murdered civilians by aerial bombardment to 73 today - 19 December 2016: Russian airborne major Sanchirov killed in Syria secretly buried - 20 December 2016: Russian blogger Alexei Kungurov convicted to two years in a penal colony for a LiveJournal post criticising Russia's military operation in Syria - 25 décembre 2016: L'armée russe annonce qu'il n'y a pas de signes de survivants dans le crash de l'avion russe après son décollage de Sotchi vers la Syrie avec 92 personnes à bord - 25 décembre 2016: Les avions russes ont intensifié le bombardement des zones de la province d'Idlib sous contrôle de l'opposition contre la dictature, dans le nord-ouest de la Syrie, près d'Alep - 29 December 2016: Assad regime and Russian air forces step up bombardment on rebel-held towns and villages in eastern Ghouta and rural Damascus, targeting mainly residential buildings and vital civilian infrastructure and killing at least 13 civilians killed and injuring dozens more

January 2017: 13 January 2017: At least eight people, including four children, were killed in Russian air strikes on the western countryside of Aleppo targeting apartment complex in Babka - 17 January 2017: At least 25 people reportedly killed and dozens more injured in Assad regime and Russian airstrikes across Syria during the past 24 hours, targeting mostly rural Damascus, Homs and Hama - 18 January 2017: Five children reportedly killed and dozens of women and children injured in Russian and Assad regime airstrikes on the Ommal neighborhood in Deir Ezzor, as more airstrikes using cluster and vacuum hit other neighborhoods - 30 January 2017: About 4,751 civilian Syrian casualties, including 1,160 children, since the start of the Russian airstrikes in Syria documented by SOHR

February 2017: 7 February 2017: Over 20 civilians killed in Russian airstrikes in Idlib city on Tuesday - 10 February 2017: At least 162 rescue workers have so far lost their lives while performing their humanitarian duty in search and rescue operations among the rubble of buildings destroyed by the Assad regime and Russian forces in 2016, according to the Syrian Civil Defense's 3rd Annual Conference - 15 février 2017: Des avions russes ont bombardé pour la deuxième journée consécutive plusieurs quartiers de la ville syrienne de Deraa tenus par les rebelles, un hôpital aussi touché par les frappes meurtrières - 16 February 2017: The Assad regime and Russian forces were behind airstrikes that hit two hospitals in northeastern Syria in February 2016, according to an investigation initiated by Doctors Without Borders, also saying that 25 people, including an MSF staff member, were killed and 11 others wounded in the attack - 17 February 2017: Russian jets pounded rebel-held areas of Daraa for a second day in the reportedly first such intensive bombing campaign since Russian regime’s major intervention in Syria more than a year ago - 17 February 2017: The Assad regime and Russian forces reportedly intensified aerial and artillery bombardment on Daraa province, targeting mainly residential areas and vital civilian facilities

March 2017: 6 March 2017: Following the opposition’s downing of an Assad regime's plane, Russian and Assad's jets retaliated through air raids in Idlib, killing and wounding many Syrian citizens - 9/10 March 2017: At least five civilians killed in airstrikes on Kafranbel in rural Idlib as Russian and Assad's aggression continues - 11 March 2017: At least 55 civilians were killed and hundreds more injured in aerial and artillery bombardment by regime forces, as the Russian air force committed a massacre claiming the lives of at least 30 civilians, including entire families in Mayadin in rural Deir Ezzor, also targeting two schools sheltering dozens of displaced people - 16 March 2017: Russian jets bombed an apartment building in Idlib's district of Qusour using vacuum bombs, a massacre condemned by the Syrian Coalition that claimed the lives of over 25 civilians, mostly children and women - 18 March 2017: After Russian jets on Wednesday bombed a four-story building in the neighborhood of Qusour in Idlib city, causing it to collapse over the heads of the people inside while they were sleeping, it emerged that the victims include seven children from one family, sons and daughters of Doctor Mahmoud Sayeh - 20 March 2017: Assad regime and Russian airstrikes target civilian centers in Idleb, killing and wounding many civilians including children through use of vacuum missiles - 25 March 2017: At least 16 people were killed overnight in air strikes on a prison in the rebel-held city of Idlib, believed to be carried out by Russian warplanes backing Assad regime - 27 March 2017: Toxic gas attack on the Latamaneh hospital in Hama province kills medic and patient, as a medical relief agency releases a report claiming over 100 hospitals were hit by Syrian or Russian strikes in 2016

April 2017: 3 April 2017: Fighter jets, believed to be Russian, bombed the National Hospital, the main hospital in the town of Maaret Alnouman in rural Idlib on Sunday, putting the hospital out of service and injuring at least ten people - 3 April 2017: A total of 1,134 civilians were killed in Syria in March 2017 despite the December 'ceasefire', according to SNHR - 5 April 2017: Warplanes thought to be Russian carried out heavy and concentrated airstrikes on rescue centers and medical facilities which were treating victims of the chemical attack in Khan Sheikhoun, Civil Defense in Idlib countryside says - 8 April 2017: Russian regime sends another murderous warship armed with cruise missiles to battlegroup off Syrian coast, as the tragedy of a father who lost more than 20 family members in Khan Sheikhun chemical attack is reported - 10 April 2017: Russian airstrikes targeted the main hospital of Dael in southern Daraa, killing and wounding medics and patients and forcing services to stop, local activists say - 10 April 2017: Civilians voice concern over increased air campaigns against residential areas, as witnesses report white phosphorus attacks in the hours after the USA cruise missile strike on Syrian air base - 10 April 2017: At least 21 civilians were killed when Russian jets struck the northern Idleb province with cluster bombs, as Russia’s jets also hit towns of Maerherma and Basamis with white phosphorous - 10/11 April 2017: Russian air force have intensified bombing raids on towns and villages in the provinces of Hama and Idlib in revenge attacks, causing dozens of civilian casualties and using internationally banned weapons - 14 April 2017: A total of 114 vital civilian facilities and civilian structures across Syria were targeted by attacks during March 2017, as regime forces were responsible for 47 attacks, while Russian forces were responsible for 39 more, according to SOHR - 15 April 2017: Syrian Coalition says that Russia once again chose to side with a mass murderer and to stand by the Assad regime after it committed the horrific crime against civilians using chemical weapons in the town of Khan Sheikhoun - 18/20 April 2017: Russia’s truce violations outnumber those of Assad's regime in last two days, as Putin's murderous regime has intensified its bombing raids on rebel-held areas in the provinces of Aleppo, Hama, and Idlib over the past two days using internationally prohibited weapons, such as the white phosphorous, cluster bombs, and napalm - 25 April 2017: Civilians reported dead and wounded after central market in Khan Sheikhoun, the site of this month's chemical attack, is struck by warplanes thought to be Russian - 26 April 2017: Assad regime or Russian warplanes kill 12 people wounding others in Kafr Takharim in the rebel-held Idleb countryside after striking a hospital with a number of air raids, victims include doctors and nurses, alongside a number of patients receiving treatment at the time of the raids - 26 April 2017: Continuing Russian-backed terror attacks, Assad regime forces shell places and carry out raids on areas in Idlib province dropping barrel bombs, amid aerial bombardements and as warplanes believed to be Russian carried out another massacre - 27 April 2017: 4 warplanes believed to be Russian carried out 4 consecutive raids at the dawn of today on the Hospital of the Syrian Medical University at the outskirts of Deir Sharqi in Idlib province, killing 6 citizens including 2 children - 28 April 2017: Assad and Russian regime reportedly destroyed 11 Syrian hospitals in April - 30 April 2017: It rose to 8 the number of members of the Civil Defense killed in airstrikes carried out by warplanes believed to be Russian on a center of the Civil Defense in the cave at KafrZitta area

May 2017: 1 May 2017: Assad’s air force, backed by Russian forces, committed a brutal massacre when helicopters of the Assad regime dropped around 15 barrel bombs on residential neighborhoods in Dara’a city on Sunday, killing dozens of civilians, mostly children and women - 2 May 2017: Syrian Network for Human Rights singles out Assad regime and Russian forces for their human rights violations in report documenting the deaths of more than a thousand non-combatants in April - 8 May 2017: Bombardment and military operations by regime forces backed by Iranian militias and the Russian air force continue unabated in many rebel-held areas across Syria, as the Russian air force carried out a horrific massacre in eastern rural Aleppo claiming the lives of 12 civilians on Sunday - 10 May 2017: 23 medical workers killed in Russian and Assad regime strikes in April, as over 280 medical centers were destroyed and 150 staff members killed in 2016, according to Syrian interim government report - 10 May 2017: The targeting of medical facilities by the Assad regime and Russian air forces, sometimes with banned weapons, aims to displace local residents, according to SNHR

June 2017: 15 June 2017: Assad regime and Russian forces intensified bombing on vital civilian facilities in northern rural Hama - 16 June 2017: At least eight people, including children, were killed in Assad regime airstrikes on a school sheltering displaced people in southern Daraa province, according to local activists, as regime army and Hezbollah terrorists escalate attacks against a rebel-held part of Daraa and as Assad and Russian airstrikes have destroyed most infrastructure and residential buildings in areas outside their control - 27 June 2017: Dozens of civilians reportedly killed and wounded during Russian and international coalition airstrikes on the cities and countryside of Deir-ez-Zor, Raqqa and Hassakeh - 29 June 2017: At least 50 civilians reportedly killed on Wednesday when Russia`s warplanes pounded eastern Deir-ez-Zor province with cluster bombs

July 2017: 4 July 2017: At least 16 civilians reportedly killed in southern Suweida province when Russian warplanes struck a village on the border with Jordan - 10 July 2017: The Assad forces violated the cease-fire in southwest Syria only hours after it went into effect as regime forces shelled the outskirts of Manshiyya disctrict in Daraa, FSA-held parts in Dara’a al-Balad and the villages of Hamidiya, Mashara, and Hamriya hill in rural Quneitra, also launched a ground attack on the positions of the FSA in northeastern rural Suweida backed by the Iranian militias and Russian aerial cover - 22 July 2017: Over 500 Russian mercenaries, who earlier fought in Donbas, now taking part in the war against Syria, according to the SBU Security Service of Ukraine - 29 July 2017: A joint investigation by Syrian rights groups has revealed new information on the systematic targeting of health facilities in Idlib province by the Assad regime and Russian forces during the month of April 2017 - 30 July 2017: 85 civilian casualties in a month raise to more than 5,300 the number of Syrian civilians who were killed in 22 months of Russian airstrikes, according to SOHR - 31 July 2017: Assad and Russian forces step up bombing on Eastern Ghouta despite cease-fire, reportedly violating the truce 98 times

September 2017: 11 September 2017: Russian strikes kill 34 civilians including nine children on river ferry boats, when warplanes targeted ferries carrying them across the Euphrates River near Syria’s eastern city of Deir Ezzor, according to SOHR - 17 September 2017: Russian airstrike wounded six of USA-backed Syrian Democratic Forces fighters near Deir el-Zour while in southeast Assad troops and their Iran-backed allies began a new offensive aiming to capture areas along the Iraq border under the cover of Russian airstrikes - 22 September 2017: At least four hospitals were targeted by Assad regime and Russian strikes as warplanes conducted more than 105 raids within a 24-hour period, deliberately attacking medical facilities in northern Hama and southern Idleb province - 25 September 2017: Death of 33 civilians in northeastern rural Hama as a result of the ongoing airstrikes by the Assad regime and Russia forces over the past week documented by activists, as Russian invaders’ warplanes burn Idlib province, hitting over 13 areas - 27 September 2017: At least 42 people have been killed by Russian and Syrian airstrikes in Idlib province since Sunday, as the regime army extends its ground and aerial attacks, Civil Defense says - 28 September 2017: Heavy bombing forces opposition to suspend school in Aleppo countryside, as education directorate says decision was made due to the 'monstrous attack' waged by Syrian and Russian warplanes - 28 September 2017: Russian warplanes continue their bombardment of Idlib with dozens of airstrikes on the province's cities and towns - 28 September 2017: Assad regime and Russian airstrikes knock out health facilities across Syria - 28 September 2017: Russian and Assad regime’s war crimes against Syrian people continue unabated - 29 September 2017: 10 days of bombing by warplanes of Russian and the regime kill and injure about 570 civilians in about 1,400 raids on the provinces of Idlib and Hama, according to SOHR

October 2017: 20 October 2017: Russian neo-Nazi Milchakov, who headed the 'Rusich' battalion fighting alongside Donbas militants, is now hired by 'Wagner', Russia's major private military company, and deployed in Syria - 23 October 2017: Continuing Russian-backed terror attacks, Assad regime forces shell places and carry out raids on areas in Aleppo and in Hama province, including aerial bombardments in Hama province, in Rif Damashq province, amid escalation of aerial bombardment by Russian warplanes and regime’s warplanes in Deir Ezzor province

November 2017: 12 novembre 2017: Cinquante civils ont été tués dans les bombardements, notamment des frappes russes, qui ont visé depuis vendredi soir deux camps de déplacés et des secteurs avoisinants dans l'est de la Syrie, selon OSDH - 14 November 2017: Russian raids kill dozens in western Aleppo countryside's town of Atareb, swollen by the arrival of refugees from nearby battles - 14 November 2017: Russian air strikes on Monday bombed an ambulance station in the village of Qasr ibn Wardan in eastern rural Hama, putting the facility out of service - 14 November 2017: Russian and Assad regime forces continue to shell residential neighborhoods and service centers in the towns and villages of the Damascus suburb of eastern Ghouta, causing dozens of civilian casualties and widespread destruction to civilian homes - 27 November 2017: At least 53 civilians, including 21 children, perished early Sunday morning when Russian air strikes reportedly hit the village of Al-Shafah in Deir Ezzor province in eastern Syria - 28 November 2017: SNHR says it had recorded at least 14 massacres and 53 attacks by the Assad regime and its Russian ally on vital civilian centers in eastern Ghouta, including seven medical facilities since 22 July 2017 - 30 November 2017: In the second month of the third year of its participation Russia kills about 270 citizens and raises the number of civilian casualties to 6,200 persons during 26 months of killing, as more than 41% of the total death toll of 15,000 people killed by Russia since the start of its direct participation in Syria in September 2015 are civilians

December 2017: 7 December 2017: At least 21 displaced people have been killed in a Russian airstrike on the province of Deir-ez-Zor, as Assad regime forces and allied Shiite militias claim to have taken full control of the western bank of Euphrates River - 8 December 2017: Assad forces and their allied foreign militias committed 16 massacres, while Russian forces committed 13 ones in November, claiming the lives of 410 people, half of them children and women, according to SNHR - 9 December 2017: Schools in the Damascus suburb of eastern Ghouta continue to be closed down because of the continued bombing campaign by the Assad regime and Russia’s air forces on the rebel-held area - 12 December 2017: Thousands of Russian private contractors reportedly fighting in Syria - 14 December 2017: USA jets fire warning flares as Russian planes enters Syria buffer zone, as USA Air Force says Russians infringing on forbidden airspace six to eight times a day - 25 December 2017: Three civilians were killed and dozens more were injured in intensifying aerial attacks by the Russian and Assad regime airstrikes targeting residential areas in rural Idlib on Christmas, as local activists say that a woman and a child were killed and another child was injured in barrel bomb attacks by Assad’s helicopters on the village of Tal Ammara - 30 December 2017: Dozens of people were killed and wounded in the intensifying bombing campaign by the Russian and Assad regime forces on towns and villages of rural Idlib

January 2018: 3 January 2018: Russian military helicopter flying to Hama crashed on New Year’s Eve, killing both pilots following a technical fault, according to Russian regime - 3 January 2018: At least seven Russian planes were destroyed by rebel shelling at the Khmeimim airbase in Syria on 31 December, according to Russian daily Kommersant - 3 January 2018: Russian warplanes carried out a massacre in Mesraba town in Rif Damashq province - 4 January 2018: Russian jets on Tuesday bombed Hasan al-A'araj Hospital in the town of Ma'arat al-Nu'man in rural Idlib, destroying large parts of the hospital and putting the facility out of service - 4 janvier 2018: Au moins 29 civils ont été tués mercredi dans l'enclave assiégée de la Ghouta orientale, près de Damas, la plupart par des frappes aériennes russes, a indiqué une ONG - 8 January 2018: Russian as well as Assad regime’s warplanes kill more than 21 citizens of several families in Idlib countryside, mostly children and citizen women, and renew their intensive targeting to the area - 15 January 2018: Violent explosions shook areas in the southern countryside and other areas in the eastern countryside of Idlib, where missiles believed to be Russian targeted villages - 15 January 2018: No fewer than 177 people were killed and 811 others wounded in attacks launched by Assad forces and the Iranian-backed militias with Russian air support on eastern Ghouta in the past 16 days, according to Syrian Civil Defense - 23 January 2018: A day after reports of a fresh chemical weapons attack in the rebel enclave of East Ghouta, which injured more than 20 people, most of them children, USA's Tillerson says that Russia bears responsibility for Syria chemical attacks, condemned the Putin regime for 'shielding' its Syrian ally against punishment for its actions - 26 January 2018: After Russia’s 'Thermite' (cluster incendiary bombs) attack today, warplanes bomb again the eastern countryside of Idlib and shelling targets north of Homs - 29 January 2018: Russian and Syrian warplanes escalated their airstrikes on the towns and cities of the Idlib countryside on Sunday, as civilian displacements continue

February 2018: 3 February 2018: Airstrikes and barrel bomb attacks by the Assad regime and suspected Russian jets targeted convoys carrying civilians fleeing southern rural Aleppo on Friday, killing 20 civilians and injuring dozens more, as airstrikes also targeted villages in southern rural Aleppo - 4 February 2018: After a Russian warplane was shot down on Saturday in Idlib province, that has seen since years and sees today heavy air strikes and attacks on the ground by Assad regime's forces backed by Russia and Iran, Russia's Putin regime kills more than 30 people in Idlib in a revenge attack - 5 February 2018: At least 14 civilians were killed and dozens more were wounded in Russian airstrikes on Khan al-Sibl and Maasaran following the downing of a Russian jet, as seven more people were killed by the regime and Russia carrying out more than 25 raids and heavy airstrikes on Saraqeb since early morning Sunday, as 30 people were killed in Saraqeb and the town of Ariha in recent days, and as seven displaced people burned to death in deadly airstrikes targeting their vehicle as they fled regime bombardment on the village of Tel Adhiya - 5 February 2018: Russia, Assad bomb 20 towns in Syria, use chemical arms, as air strikes come against the background of the latest downing of a Russian Su-25 fighter jet - 9 February 2018: The death toll mounted steadily throughout Thursday in Eastern Ghouta, which has been besieged since 2013, with the SOHR tallying 75 civilians dead by the evening, as the death toll from a four-day Assad regime assault on the rebel enclave on the outskirts of Damascus soaring past 220, and as UN appeal for ceasefire goes unheeded, after the Russian regime of mass murderers and war criminals dismissed the proposal as 'unrealistic' - 9 February 2018: At least six people, including children, were killed on Thursday in fresh Russian/Assad regime airstrikes targeting two schools in the northern province of Idlib, also killing ten civilians and wounding dozens more in heavy aerial bombing on the town of Maarrat al-Numan, according to the Civil Defense - 12 February 2018: Assad regime and Russian airstrikes in rebel-held areas have killed 230 civilians in the past week in some of the conflict’s worst violence that may also constitute war crimes, said Zeid Ra‘ad al-Hussein, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights - 13 February 2018: The names of Russian military contractors reportedly killed in clashes between USA-led coalition and pro-Assad regime forces last week have begun to surface - 15 February 2018: 15 Russians employed in Syria by a private security company in charge of 'protecting the oil and gas fields controlled by the Syrian regime' have been killed after an explosion rocked an arms depot of the company in Tabiya Jazira in Deir Ezzor province, according to SOHR, following the reported deaths of scores of Russian mercenaries last week - 15 February 2018: Continuing Russian-backed terror attacks, Assad regime forces shell places and carry out raids on areas in Daraa and Homs province, in Idlib province, amid aerial bombardments by warplanes believed to be Russian, also killing Civil Dense members and medical staff, in Rif Damashq province, amid aerial bombardments claiming the lives of more citizens including children and women, in Hama province - 16 February 2018: Russia bombs seventh hospital in Syria in 2 weeks in the village of Hass in Idlib province - 20 February 2018: More than 1000 casualties and wounded during less than 40 hours in the massacres of the besieged Eastern Ghouta amid the feebleness of the International Coalition, as SOHR reports ongoing targeting by warplanes and Assad's helicopters on the Eastern Ghouta with the participation of Russian warplanes and raising numbers of civilian casualties - 22 February 2018: Russia delivered weapons shipments reportedly including an array of internationally banned weapons to Assad regime forces ahead of Ghouta offensive - 22 February 2018: Assad and Russian warplanes and bombs continue to pound eastern Ghouta as UN and aid agencies once again plead for ceasefire, as more than 335 people have been killed in the area, with 13 civilians dying in latest strikes, and as Ghouta's desperate civilians say they've been abandoned to their fate - 23 February 2018: Russia reportedly tested over 200 new types of arms in Syria during its campaign in support of Assad's regime, as Russian regime was accused of taking part in murderous airstrikes against Eastern Ghouta - 28 February 2018: Russia 'on wrong side of history' over Syria chemical weapons, USA disarmament official says after reports of a chlorine attack in the besieged enclave of eastern Ghouta, a further OPCW investigation into the latest reports of chemical attacks and the leaking of a UN report into the supply of related items from North Korea

March 2018: 6 March 2018: A Russian Putin regime's military transport plane has crashed in Syria killing all 39 people on board - 16 March 2018: Tens of Russian airstrikes target the southern section of the Eastern Ghouta leaving 10 casualties and tens of wounded in Saqba

17 March 2018: Anatoly Kuntsevich, one of the men behind 'novichok', reportedly worked with Syrian regime, as deeply concerned Israel repeatedly warned the Russian regime without avail until in 2002, in circumstances that remain unknown, Kuntsevich died during a flight from Aleppo to Moscow - 22 March 2018: The number of civilians who were killed continues to rise in Harem city due to the death of more civilians affected by injured they had in raids by a warplane believed to be Russian - 31 March 2018: 1,797 citizens including 668 children and women killed in the Eastern Ghouta of Damascus during the past 2 months of bombardment, as Russian warplanes killed about 7,700 citizens in 30 months, about 60% of the total number of people killed by the regime’s bombardment on the Syrian territory in 42 months, according to SOHR

April 2018: 2 April 2018: Russian forces have targeted a medical center in rural Idlib province as the province has become home to about two million people, half of whom were forcibly displaced by the Assad regime and its Russian and Iranian allies - 4 April 2018: At least seven people were killed and a dozen more wounded in Russian airstrikes that hit northern Idlib province, as murderous raids targeted a marketplace in Ariha, leaving two people dead, and five more people were killed in the villages of Kourin and Al-Sukariyah - 6 April 2018: A Reuters investigation has revealed a covert airlift using civilian planes to fly private Russian contractors alias mercenaries to Syria's president, an operation the Putin regime insists does not exist - 7 April 2018: Russian and Assad regime's air strikes killed at least 40 civilians including 8 children and injured dozens in the last opposition-held town of Douma in Syria’s Eastern Ghouta on Friday, as Assad's army launches a ground offensive on its outskirts, as a Douma 'hospital is in a state of panic', as 'dentists are carrying out emergency surgeries (and) dead bodies are being brought in pieces and are unrecognizable', according to medics - 24 April 2018: Russian aircraft escalated their bombardment of areas in the northern Homs and southern Hama countrysides, coinciding with clashes on a number of fronts between opposition fighters and regime forces along with Iranian militias, who are trying to advance toward the area’s villages - 25 April 2018: A number of civilians were killed and injured in intensified bombardment by the Assad regime and Russian forces on Idlib province - 30 April 2018: SNHR documents in a report the deaths of 64 civilians, including 12 children, at the hands of regime forces and their Russian allies in the two weeks since the USA-British-French military strike, that has done little to stem the flow of civilian deaths - 30 April 2018: Russian and Assad regime forces step up aerial attacks on Northern Homs, targeting Al-Zaefaraneh, Al-Saen and Al-Majdal, leaving dozen of people killed and wounded and the only hospital of Al-Zaefaraneh out of service due to a vacuum missile attack

May 2018: 3 May 2018: Russian regime reported that a Sukhoi-30 multi-role fighter jet had crashed in Syria on Thursday, killing both of its pilots - 3 May 2018: Kafr Zaita hospital bombed out of service in Russian airstrikes - 5 May 2018: Russian and Assad regime's airstrikes on Idlib province, also targeting displaced persons' camps, killed at least six civilians on Friday as the UN stressed that it would not allow the occurrence of a humanitarian disaster in Idlib which is crowded with forcibly displaced civilians - 11 May 2018: Ten people from the same family have been killed in Russian airstrikes on the northern province of Idlib, rescue group said

June 2018: 7 June 2018: The Assad regime and Russian forces attacked three healthcare centers in Syria in May, according to SNHR, saying that such attacks have been 'deliberate and systematic' - 8 June 2018: Air strikes likely by Russia on the village of Zardana in northern rural Idlib killed at least 44 people overnight including 11 women and six children, inflicting the highest death toll in a single attack on the region this yearaccording to SOHR - 8 June 2018: Syrian Civil Defense mourned volunteer Ali Hassan Baradei who was killed in the line of duty when Russian airstrikes hit the town of Zardana in rural Idlib on Thursday - 8 June 2018: As attacks by the Assad regime forces and its Russian ally continue to target rebel-held areas across Syria, SNHR said that it had recorded no fewer than 11 massacres in Syria in May 2018 - 9 June 2018: As the Assad regime and its Russian ally and the Iranian terrorist groups are carrying on with military operations, more vital civilian centers in Syria are coming under attack - 15 June 2018: According to SOHR, Assad regime's army and its allies bombarded and shelled the towns of Kafr Shams and al-Harah near the border with the Golan Heights region in the southwestern Deraa region on Friday, killing at least six people, the highest death toll from bombing since a 'de-escalation zone' was agreed in by the regime’s ally Russia, along with Jordan and the USA, as soccer fans roar 'goal' in Moscow - 22 June 2018: Crimea has stepped up grain exports to Syria over the past year in an arrangement that gives the Russian occupied peninsula an outlet for its surplus crops and ensures dictator Assad has a reliable source of wheat - 24 June 2018: Russian regime bombed rebel-held parts of southern Syria late Saturday as intense airstrikes targeted areas near Daraa in an assault to take over strategic region bordering Israel and Jordan, ending ceasefire agreed by Jordan, Russian regime and the USA last year, and killing many civilians, according to SOHR - 24 June 2018: Russian jets strike Busra al-Harir town in Daraa province, as soccer mob roars 'goal' in Russia - 25 June 2018: About 155 Russian raids and explosive barrels as well as hundreds of shells target the east of Daraa in 24 hours, as soccer mob roars 'goal' in Russia - 26 June 2018: After hundreds of Russian airstrikes, Assad regime forces and terrorist militiamen loyal to them control Bosr al-Harir - 27 June 2018: Continuing Russian and Iranian-backed terror attacks, Assad regime forces shell places and carry out raids on areas in Hama and Idlib province, in Daraa province, where the aerial and artillery shelling by the regime forces and their helicopters and by Russian warplanes, including attacks on hospitals and service centers, raise the death toll to more than 120 victims, and again in Hama province - 27 June 2018: Assad regime and Russian air forces have bombed most of the healthcare facilities and field hospitals in Dara’a province, putting them out of service, in repeat of the war crimes the Assad regime and its allies committed earlier in their bombing campaigns on eastern Ghouta and Aleppo - 28 June 2018: The military campaign launched by Assad's regime against the opposition in the south continues for a fourth day, with Russian air support and intense shelling in the towns and villages of the eastern countryside of Daraa, as soccer mob roars 'goal' in Russia - 29 June 2018: Assad and Russian airstrikes pounded rebel-held areas in southwestern Syria on Thursday, killing at least 17 civilians in an underground shelter and driving thousands more from their homes, as displaced people protest near the Israeli border demanding international protection, as soccer mob roars 'goal' in Russia - 29 June 2018: Russian jets hit a house in rural Dara’a in which several families were hiding to escape the bombardment, killing nine people, mostly children and women, as Assad regime and Russian air forces have further intensified the bombing campaign which targeted new towns and villages, and as soccer mob roars 'goal' in Russia

July 2018: 1 July 2018: Continuing Russian and Iranian-backed terror attacks, Assad regime forces shell places and carry out raids on areas in Daraa province, amid aerial bombardments by warplanes and helicopters, which caused a massacre claiming the lives of 10 citizens half of whom are children and resulting in the injury and missing of others, in Aleppo and Hama province, again in Daraa province, where tens of air raids and shells target Tafas town, raising the number of casualties, again in Hama and in Idlib province, leaving at least 8 casualties, as democracy is bombed to death across Syria, and as soccer mob roars 'goal' in Russia - 5 July 2018: Waves of air strikes pounded southern Syria on Thursday as Russian-backed regime forces with hundreds of missiles and barrel bombs launched their most intensive murderous bombing campaign yet in the two-week-old offensive, as soccer mob roars 'goal' in Russia - 6 July 2018: New Russian mercenary group reportedly fighting in Syria - 6 July 2018: Armoured vehicles and a tank with a Russian flag were seen heading towards the Nasib border crossing between Jordan and Syria - 13 July 2018: Russian forces have killed 71 civilians, including 20 children and nine women since the start of the World Cup on 10 June, committing at least eight massacres, attacking 14 vital civilian centers, including five healthcare facilities, and displacing 270,000 people along with allies, according to SNHR - 16 July 2018: Causing civilian casualties, Assad regime's and Russian air forces pummeled northwestern rural Dara’a on Monday, stepping up the use of barrel bombs and cluster munitions to force rebel fighters to surrender, as Russian airstrikes killed three civilians and injured many others in the village of Aqraba, carrying out about 75 airstrikes on Tal al-Harra in the past 24 hours - 16 July 2018: Assad regime’s and allies' onslaught on Daraa caused biggest displacement wave since 2011 - 17 July 2018: Continuing Russian and Iranian-backed terror attacks, Assad regime forces shell places and carry out raids on areas in Hama province, in Idlib and Lattakia province, in Daraa and al-Quneitra province, amid aerial bombardments by warplanes and helicopters - 18 July 2018: Dozens of civilians, mostly women and children, were killed in Assad regime and Russian airstrikes on border villages in the provinces of Quneitra and Daraa in the past 24 hours - 19 July 2018: Russian forces have killed more than 6,000 Syrian civilians since the beginning of its direct military intervention in Syria in 2015, also committing dozens of massacres in the areas covered by the ‘de-escalation zones’ agreement which was reached in May 2017, according to SNHR - 20 July 2018: Continuing Russian and Iranian-backed terror attacks, Assad regime forces shell places and carry out raids on areas in Hama province, and in Daraa province, amid aerial bombardments by helicopters and Russian warplanes, targeting the towns of Tasil, Sahm al-Golan, Jellin, Adwan, and other places in Yarmouk Basin - 21 July 2018: After massacres of 26 civilian casualties, including 11 children, Russian warplanes continue to destroy and incinerate Yarmouk Basin area in Daraa province

August 2018: 22 August 2018: Russian regime's military have been key to propping up Syrian Assad regime and helping him reclaim key ground, as Russian ministry said Wednesday that over 63,000 Russian troops, including 434 generals, have fought in Syria and about 90% of Russian combat pilots have flown in Syria, using the operation to test some of its most advanced weapons, including the latest jets and cruise missiles, helping turn the tide of war in Assad’s favor and the Assad regime in August 2018 five years after the Ghouta chemical attack controls nearly two thirds of the country, compared to just one third back in 2014

28 August 2018 up to 13 Russian warships have crossed the Bosphorus toward Syria: 28 August 2018: Up to 13 Russian warships have crossed the Bosphorus toward Syria so far this week as tensions between the USA and Syria continue to rise

30 August 2018 about 8,000 civilians incl. 3,123 children, women killed by Russian strikes in 35 months: 30 August 2018: About 8,000 civilians including 3,123 children and women are among more than 18,000 people killed by the Russian strikes in 35 months of military operations in Syria, according to SOHR, as in seven years, the casualties of Russian and Iranian backed war have grown from the first handful of protesters shot by Assad's forces to hundreds of thousands of dead

September 2018 Russian regime resumes Idlib air strikes: 4 September 2018: Russian regime resumes Idlib air strikes targeting areas including the large town of Jisr al-Shughur and the town of Ariha held by Turkish-backed rebels, amid warnings - 8 September 2018: Russian and Syrian regimes' warplanes pounded towns in Syria’s Idlib province on Saturday, a day after a summit of Turkey, Iran and Russia failed to agree on a ceasefire, as witnesses and rescuers said at least a dozen air strikes hit a string of villages and towns in southern Idlib and the town of Latamneh in northern Hama, killing civilians, and Assad's helicopters dropped so-called barrel bombs on civilian homes - 10 September 2018: The Assad regime and Russian air forces have further intensified the bombing campaign in Idlib and Hama provinces, killing more than 30 people, including women and children. A number of towns and villages were declared disaster areas as a result of the widespread destruction

24 September 2018: 24 September 2018: Russian regime will outfit Assad's military with its sophisticated S-300 air defense system in the wake of the downing of a Russian spy plane by Assad's air defenses during an Israeli strike - 26 September 2018: In its latest report, Syrian Network for Human rights SNHR has said that over 222,000 civilians have died since March 2011, with Assad forces being responsible for almost 90% of them, and the number of victims of Russian operations reached 6,239, or 2.81%

October 2018: 1 octobre 2018: Les frappes russes en Syrie ont fait plus de 18'000 morts, dont près de 8000 civils, depuis le début il y a exactement trois ans de l'intervention militaire du régime russe au côté du régime syrien, selon SOHR - 31 October 2018: Continuing Russian and Iranian-backed terror attacks, Assad regime forces shell places and carry out raids on areas in Hama province

November 2018: 6 November 2018: Russian regime deployed new frigate with long-range Kalibr cruise missiles to the Mediterranean Sea, a few months after Putin regime had reinforced its naval forces off Syrian cost to support Syrian Assad regime's offensives

December 2018 Russia lying about Syria attack to undermine truce: 7 December 2018: USA accuses Russia of lying about Syria attack to undermine truce

January 2019: 5 January 2019: The Assad regime and Russia are responsible for the majority of the recorded 223 massacres that took place across Syria in 2018, according to SNHR - 5 January 2019: The Russian warplanes carry out a new round of aerial bombardment and of their first targeting to the western countryside of Aleppo leaving 16 citizens dead and wounded including children - 30 January 2019: Russian warplanes return to kill Syrians and raise to more than 18,100 the number of casualties of the Russian bombardment in 40 continuous months

February 2019: 9 February 2019: 4 civilians, including a woman, were wounded in rocket and artillery shelling by the Assad regime on the villages of Tal Minnis and Ma'arshammarin south of Idlib, and 8 civilians were killed and many others reportedly wounded in explosions of previously dropped cluster bombs by the Assad regime and Russian air forces in eastern rural Hama

March 2019: 1 March 2019: As a part of the aerial escalation, warplanes return to bomb Idlib and target major cities and towns along with ground shelling on several areas in the countryside of the province and Sahl Al-Ghab - 1 March 2019: Continuing Russian and Iranian-backed terror attacks, Assad regime forces shell places and carry out raids on areas Hama and Idlib province, also targeting Khan Shaykhun city - 4 March 2019: Syrian Coalition demands accountability for chemical weapons attack launched against civilians in eastern Ghouta's Douma in the spring of 2018 - 4 March 2019: Assad regime and Russia’s relentless bombing campaign on towns and villages in Hama and Idlib provinces forces tens of thousands to flee - 4 March 2019: Russian regime seeking to force people trapped in Rukban camp to return to regime-held areas as blockade continues - 5 March 2019: Russia threatens to starve Syrian refugee camp and force men into Assad's army - 7 March 2019: Eight years into Syria's Civil War, Russia is the big victor in Syria and will remain for a long time to come, 'Haaretz' says, stating: 'What a difference can 50 fighter jets make. In the summer of 2015 Syrian President Bashar Assad thought his regime was facing collapse' - 23 March 2019: Russian airstrikes killed at least 15 people, including four children and two women, and injured 27 others in at least 11 attacks on residential areas in rural Idlib including the town of Kfariya

April 2019: 8/9 April 2019: Suspected Russian long-range missiles hit the town of Jisr al-Shughour in rural Idlib, according to Syrian Civil Defense, as local observatory reported that the source of the missiles is the Russian warships stationed in the Mediterranean, wounding 12 civilians, including 10 children and a woman, and destroying a large amount of civilian property and infrastructure - 9 April 2019: The ongoing bombing campaign by the Assad regime and Russia has so far killed no fewer than 244 civilians since February 2, according to aid group - 17 April 2019: SNHR said that it had documented nearly 457 attacks in Syria by the Assad and Russian forces using cluster munitions, 24 of which occurred following the Sochi Agreement in September 2018 - 23 April 2019: Continuing Russian and Iranian-backed terror attacks, Assad regime and allied forces shell places and carry out raids on areas in Hama and Idlib province, amid aerial bombardments by Russian warplanes - 26 April 2019: Russian warplanes renew their airstrikes today evening on Sahl Al-Ghab and Jabal Shashabo leaving wounded and people stuck under the rubble in Al-Amqiyyah village - 27 April 2019: Warplanes and helicopters carried out a new round of shelling, as Russian warplanes reportedly killed 15 civilians in the countryside of Idlib and Hama - 27 April 2019: After killing 15 civilians, the Russian warplanes continue their escalation within 'Putin-Erdogan' areas and carry out more raids, as Assad regime forces continue shelling targeting southern countryside of Idlib, southern countryside of Aleppo and Hama province - 29 April 2019: Russian jets on Sunday bombed civilian homes in the town of Qal'at al-Madiq in northwestern rural Hama, killing seven civilians and injuring many others - 29 April 2019: Russia using siege and starvation to force out residents of al-Rukban, according to OCHA - 30 April 2019: Months after the last targeting of this kind, Assad's helicopters drop more than 10 barrel bombs on Hama countryside in conjunction with the heavy raids by the Russian and the regime’s warplanes, as Russian operations complete their 43rd month on the Syrian territory by killing 22 citizens including about 10 children and women by its warplanes - 30 April 2019: The intensifying airstrikes by the Russian air force knocked out two hospitals in the town of Latamina in northern rural Hama in the past 24 hours, local activists said

1 May 2019: 1 May 2019: On the 2nd day of the aerial escalation, about 35 Russian and regime’s airstrikes, raids and barrel bombs target the countryside of Hama and Idlib - 1 May 2019: Pictures by SOHR show the destruction in al-Tamanah town south of Idlib, due to the aerial and ground shelling by the regime forces and the Russian guarantor, and in Abdeen village

6/7 May 2019: 6 May 2019: Russian and Assad's air raids and barrel bombs force more than 300,000 civilians to displace in 6 days, according to SOHR - 6 May 2019: Warplanes of the regime and the Russians start the 7th day of the most violent escalation by about 55 airstrikes on Aleppo, Hama, and Idlib provinces causing casualties and wounded - 6 May 2019: Aerial bombardment by the Assad regime and Russian forces targeting large areas of the provinces of Idlib and Hama knocked out four hospitals on Sunday, killing a nurse and a civilian in one of these hospitals - 7 May 2019: Assad regime forces and Russia bombarding 12 medical sites over 10 days in the Hama and Idlib provinces in central and northern Syria, according to SNHR - 7 May 2019: Assad regime forces and militias belonging to the regime reportedly launched attacks on a number of different fronts across Idlib and Hama provinces, with Russian and regime air support - 7 May 2019: Russian and regime's aerial and ground shelling continue on the 8th day of their escalation

7 May 2019: 7 May 2019: The share of Russians who support Putin regime’s military intervention in Syria has dropped from more than half to less than half since August 2017, according to an independent Levada Center survey

June 2019: 1 June 2019: Russia bears primary responsibility for Assad’s bombing of civilians, according to Syrian Coalition’s Riad al-Hassan, saying that the atrocities taking place against civilians in northwestern Syria constitute war crimes under the international law and international humanitarian law - 22 June 2019: Assad regime’s helicopters drop barrel bombs on the southern countryside of Idlib in conjunction with more than 20 raids by the Russian and regime’s warplanes, when warplanes of the murderous Russian regime also targeted the villages of al-Jabin and Tal Meleh at the northwestern countryside of Hama, as SOHR until the 21st of June 2019 documented the death of hundreds of civilians including women and children by aerial and ground bombardments since the 30th of April 2019 - 23 June 2019: Assad regime forces shell the southern countryside of Idlib by missiles loaded with the internationally banned phosphorus in conjunction with airstrikes by Russian warplanes targeting the same area - 24 June 2019: After an air raid by Russian warplanes that struck his home on Saturday evening, Khaled Mohamed al-Dani, a child from the town of Saraqeb in Idlib province, lost his life along with his mother and his siblings Duha, Mohamed and Hamza al-Dani, a day after recognition for excellence from his school - 24 June 2019: About 400 air and ground strikes target northern and northwest of Hama

July 2019: 4 July 2019: Assad regime and Russian air forces continue to bomb populated areas in northwestern Syria, especially in rural Idlib, resulting in the death of dozens of civilians, including children and women - 6 July 2019: Assad regime and Russian forces continue to bomb towns and villages in northwestern Syria, mainly targeting the infrastructure, healthcare facilities, educational facilities, and services institutions - 7 July 2019: At least 544 civilians have been killed and over 2,000 people injured since a Russian-led assault on the last rebel bastion in northwestern Syria began two months ago, rights groups and rescuers said on Saturday - 12 July 2019: Assad and Russian forces have escalated their airstrikes in northwestern Syria, especially in Idlib and its countryside, killing and injuring dozens of civilians including children as well as knocking out six vital civilian centers since Thursday morning - 13 July 2019: After they killed 2 families, the Russian warplanes renew their bombardment on the countryside of Hama and Idlib, and bombardment by the regime’s warplanes on a village east of Idlib leaves about 11 casualties and wounded - 13 July 2019: It rose to 14, the number of casualties documented by SOHR following a massacre carried out by Russian warplanes targeting agricultural lands in the vicinity of Khan Shaykhun, as aerial and ground bombardment by regime’s forces south of Aleppo continues - 13 July 2019: Two months of intensive airstrikes by Syrian government forces and their Russian allies, coupled with a fierce ground assault on rebel-controlled Idlib province, have killed hundreds of people and caused massive displacement while achieving little to no gain for Assad's and Putin's murderous regime - 22 July 2019: Russia and Assad regime step up murderous airstrikes against civilians in Idlib province

August 2019: 5 August 2019: SNHR said that it registered the names of 433 civilians who were killed across Syria in July, mostly in the ongoing onslaught the Assad regime and Russia launched against Idlib and rural Hama - 6 August 2019: Russian warplanes renew the airstrikes on the northern countryside of Hama - 15 August 2019: Russian double tap airstrike kills Civil Defense volunteer while trying to rescue a civilian near the village of Basika on Wednesday, after the Assad regime and Russian air forces bombed at least 29 healthcare facilities in the provinces of Idlib and Hama, causing dozens of civilian casualties - 16 August 2019: Russian airstrikes targeted an ambulance center in the town of Ma’aret Hurmeh in Idlib province, killing 3 medical workers 'as they were trying to rescue civilians wounded in the ongoing aerial bombardment', according to the Syrian American Medical Society, as at least seven people were killed in attacks on Idlib, according to SOHR - 16 August 2019: Russian and Assad regime’s recent military campaign had killed 1,221 civilians, including 332 children, as more than 853,000 people were displaced, according to Syrian Response Coordination Team - 17 August 2019: A suspected Russian airstrike hit a displaced people's gathering in the town of Hass south of Idlib province on Friday, killing at least 13 people, including at least four children, activists and war monitor SOHR said

26 September 2019 Russia expanding air base in Syria: 26 September 2019: Russian regime is expanding its Hmeimim air base in Syria and rebuilding a second landing strip to allow the facility to serve more aircraft, expanding the Russian/Iranian version of dialogue during UN general assembly meeting in New York, saying 'give us friendly words, a propaganda stage and markets, we will give you bombs and poison gas'

27 September 2019 USA sanctions against jet fuel for Russian forces in Syria and against sanctions-evasion conspiracy: 27 September 2019: USA imposed sanctions on a firm it said was participating in a scheme to avoid USA sanctions while helping provide jet fuel to Russian forces in Syria

2 March 2020 UN says Russia committed war crimes in Syria as world expects end of impunity: 2 March 2020: Russia committed war crimes in Syria, finds UN report, as Putin regime blamed for indiscriminate attacks in civilian areas without 'a specific military objective', also documenting 'unprecedented levels of displacement and dire conditions for civilians' in Syria

24 April 2020 heavily-armed Russian submarine heads to Syria: 24 April 2020: Heavily-armed Russian submarine heads to Syria, as the Rostov-on-Don submarine will join Putin's fleet in the Mediterranean and his tireless fight against terrorists also under water

11 May 2020 Russian and Assad regime's war crimes in Syria including attacks on hospitals and schools: 11 May 2020: December 2019 - March 2020 Syrian Assad regime backed by its ally Russia, subjected civilians in opposition-held areas in north-west Syria to a new wave of horrors attacking from the air and the ground repeatedly residential areas and crucial infrastructure, and the international community, including the UN Security Council, once again remained largely paralysed, according to rights group, documenting many attacks on medical facilities and schools that killed civilians, healthcare workers, teachers and children

15 March 2021 lawsuit seeks justice for suspected Russian killing of Syrian detainee: 15 March 2021: The brother of a Syrian man killed by suspected Russian mercenaries has called on the authorities in Moscow to investigate the incident and the possible role played by the Wagner Group, a mercenary group run by one of Vladimir Putin’s close allies, as video footage published by Russia’s Novaya Gazeta newspaper shows a group of six men torturing a Syrian detainee, and as the victim, Mohammed Taha Ismail Al-Abdullah, is believed to have deserted from al-Assad’s army and then been captured

2 April 2021 rights groups in Russia condemn Putin regime's role in Syria war crimes: 2 April 2021: Leading human rights organisations in Russia have released their first comprehensive report on abuses in the decade-old conflict in Syria, condemning Putin regime’s direct participation in indiscriminate bombings of civilians, its backing of the Assad regime’s use of torture, and culpability in other war crimes

Since January 2022 Russian airstrikes in Syria dccumented by Syrian Observatory of Human Rights SOHR: Since January 2022 airstrikes, other military assaults and activities of Russian forces in Syria, dccumented and listed by Syrian Observatory of Human Rights SOHR, reporting 25 airstrikes on first day of 2022

4 March 2022 flight of Russian reconnaissance jets and Assad regime's shelling: 4 March 2022: SOHR reported that Assad regime ground forces shelled positions in Jabal AL-Zawiyah in south Idlib countryside, targeting areas in Fuliful, Benin, Safhoun and Al-Futirah with more than 17 projectiles amid flight of Russian reconnaissance jets

12 March 2022 talks of sending fighters as 'mercenaries' to fight in Putin's war against Ukraine: 12 March 2022: SOHR reported that in Assad regime-held areas talks of sending fighters as 'mercenaries' to fight alongside the Russians in their war against Ukraine has become the most common talk as these areas are hit by poor living and economic conditions, and as members of Al-Baath party and former leaders of opposition factions, who have struck 'settlements and reconciliation deals' under Russian supervision during 2018 in areas south of the capital Damascus and Eastern Ghouta, have begun to openly promote fighting in Ukraine alongside Russian forces - 12 March 2022: In just 22 days, SOHR documented the killing of 1181 civilians, including 244 children under the age of 18, and 164 women on February 18, 2018, due to rockets and artillery shelling and barrel bombardment carried out by regime forces, their backed militias and Russians on separate areas of eastern Ghouta of Damascus. SOHR activists also documented massive destruction of civilian properties due to the intensive airstrikes executed by Russian fighter jets on various areas of Eastern Ghouta.

22 May 2022 Syria’s barrel bomb experts in Russia to help with potential Ukraine campaign: 22 May 2022: Technicians linked to the Syrian military’s infamous barrel bombs that have wreaked devastation across much of the country have been deployed to Russia to help potentially prepare for a similar campaign in the Ukraine war, European officials believe, as intelligence officers say more than 50 specialists, all with vast experience in making and delivering the crude explosive, have been in Russia for several weeks working alongside officials from Putin’s military

Russia/Turkey relations: Russia/Turkey relations

1853-1856 Crimean War: 1853-1856 Crimean War, in which the Russian Empire lost to an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, France, Britain and Sardinia

Since 2010 Akkuyu Nuclear Power Plant under construction: 13 May 2010: Turkey's first nuclear power plant will be built, owned and operated by Russia - Akkuyu Nuclear Power Plant under development at Akkuyu in Mersin Province, that will be the country's first nuclear power plant

2012: 10 October 2012: Turkey diverts Syrian plane to Ankara saying the passenger aircraft coming from Moscow is suspected of carrying heavy weapons to Damascus - 11 October: The Syrian passenger plane forced to land in Turkey was carrying 'illegal cargo', according to Turkey's foreign minister - 12 October: Turkish PM says passenger plane forced to land in Ankara was carrying Russian-made defence equipment destined for Syria's defence ministry

2015 opposites over Syria: 5 October 2015: Turkey intercepted Russian jet violating air space as Russian regime increases military activity in region carrying out airstrikes against Syrian people - 24 November 2015 Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown - 24 November 2015: Russian fighter jet near Turkey-Syria border downed by Turkey after airspace violation - 25 November: Turkish military releases recording of warning to Russian Sukhoi Su-24 jet - 27 November: Russia cracks down on food and agriculture imports from Turkey - 27 November 2015: Hundreds of Turks have rallied against Russian and Syrian offensives on the province of Latakia, an area mainly controlled by ethnic Turkmens, as Russian forces continue launching heavy bombardment - 27 November 2015: Turkish president warns Russia not to 'play with fire' - 30 November 2015: Russian air strikes in northwest Syria have heavily targeted ethnic Turkmen areas in the weeks before Turkey shot down a Russian warplane, according to a Reuters data analysis - 4 December 2015: Russia faces massive 14 $ billion loss over cancelled South Stream and TurkStream gas projects - 13 décembre 2015: Un destroyer russe tire sur un bateau de pêche turc en mer Egée à 22 km de l'île grecque de Lemnos

2016 Russian nationals in custody on a suspicion of ties to Islamic State terrorists: 13 January: Three Russian nationals are in custody on a suspicion of ties to Islamic State terrorists, following the deadly attack that killed ten people in Istanbul - 30 January: Turkey says Russian jet invaded its airspace despite warnings - 20 December 2016: As Russian investigators join Turkey’s probe into ambassador Karlov’s assassination, his body put on a plane for Moscow and Russian regime's Putin, responsible for his death and the death of the shooter Mevlut Mert Altintas as a result of Russian war crimes in Syria

2017 Russian regime's airstrike kills three Turkish soldiers in northern Syria: 9 February 2017: Russian regime's airstrike kills three Turkish soldiers in northern Syria, supporting Syrian rebels in efforts to capture the city of al-Bab from so-called Islamic State - 27 April 2017: In fog and low visibility Russian naval reconnaissance warship Liman collided with a Togo-flagged cargo boat believed to have been carrying livestock near Turkey’s Black Sea coast, the Russian boat sank as there were no reports of casualties on either ship

August 2017 Russia to complete Turkish Akkuyu Nuclear Power Plant by 2023: 26 August 2017: Russia to complete Turkish Akkuyu Nuclear Power Plant by 2023

April 2018 Russia speeds up S-400 missile system delivery to Turkey: 4 April 2018: Russia speeds up S-400 missile system delivery to Turkey, reportedly worth some $2.5 billion, that has worried the West because the system cannot be integrated into NATO’s military architecture

2 March 2020 Russian regime tells Turkey it cannot guarantee safety of its planes: 2 March 2020: As Erdogan says he hopes to achieve a ceasefire in Syria's Idlib in talks with Russian regime's Putin this week, regime tells Turkey it cannot guarantee safety of its planes over Syria's Idlib, after Assad regime said it was closing the air space over the Idlib region

24 May 2021 Russia's Putin regime warns Turkey over ties with Ukraine: 24 May 2021: Russia's Putin regime warns Turkey over ties with Ukraine

14 August 2021 Russian firefighting plane crashes in southern Turkey: 14 August 2021: Russian firefighting plane crashes in southern Turkey, as eight Russian and Turkish crew members and emergency workers killed trying to land in Adana province

29 September 2021 Turkey’s Erdogan presses Russian regime’s Putin to halt Syria assault: 29 September 2021: Turkey’s Erdogan presses Russian regime’s Putin to halt Syria assault, as Turkish leader, worried about another wave of refugees from Syria’s civil war, meets with his erstwhile partner as ties between Ankara and Washington cool

Russia/Ukraine relations: Russia/Ukraine relations - Ukrainians in Russia - Russians in Ukraine

1954 Transfer of Crimea in the Soviet Union to the Ukrainian SSR: 1954 Transfer of Crimea in the Soviet Union, which transferred the government of the Crimean Peninsula from the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic to the Ukrainian SSR

1986 Chernobyl nuclear disaster: Chernobyl disaster (since 1986) - Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant

1985-1991 Dissolution of the Soviet Union: Dissolution of the Soviet Union 1985-1991 - Druzhba oil pipeline - Urengoy–Pomary–Uzhgorod pipeline

Ukrainian independence since 1990/91: Ukrainian independence since 1990/91

1994 'Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances' for Ukraine: 'Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances' 5 December 1994, providing security assurances by its signatories relating to Ukraine's accession to the 'Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons' - 5 December 2014: Ukrainian Foreign Ministry calls on signatories of Budapest Memorandum to take immediate measures to restore the territorial integrity, sovereignty and peace in Ukraine, which have been violated by Russia

Russia-Ukraine economic relations: Russia-Ukraine economic relations

Since 2005 serious Russia–Ukraine gas dispute: Russia–Ukraine gas disputes as serious dispute began in March 2005 over the price of natural gas and the cost of transit - 2010 Ukrainian–Russian Naval Base for Natural Gas treaty

2013/2014 Russian reaction to the Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement: Russian reaction to the Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement and Ukrainian suspension of association agreement signature

December 2013 Ukrainian–Russian action plan: 17 December 2013 Ukrainian–Russian action plan - 18 December 2013: Russia agreed a $15 billion bailout for Ukraine and slashed the price of gas exports under a deal that keeps the cash-strapped country in Russia's orbit

January 2014 Naftogaz and Gazprom sign supplement to gas contract: 9 January 2014: Naftogaz and Gazprom sign supplement to gas contract - 30 janvier: Poutine a fait savoir l'Ukraine qu'il allait 'attendre la formation du nouveau gouvernement ukrainien' pour s'assurer s'il y a lieu de mettre en oeuvre les accords conclus en décembre sur une aide de 15 milliards de dollars - 6. Februar: Putins Ukraine-Beauftragter Sergej Glasjew fordert die Ukraine auf, die Proteste niederzuschlagen - 24 February 2014: Russia recalls ambassador to Ukraine as Kiev turns towards EU - 4 March: Russia's Gazprom will remove a discount on the price it charges Ukraine for gas from April 2014 - 1 April: Russia sharply hikes gas price for Ukraine - 12 April 2014: Ukraine stops gas payments to Russia until talks conclude, after Russia's Gazprom raised the price for gas and the Russian regime claimed a $2.2 billion debt - 24 April: After Russian gas monopoly Gazprom billed Naftogaz of Ukraine USD 11 billion for taking less gas than contracted in 2013, Ukraine is preparing to file a lawsuit to the Stockholm arbitration court - 16 June 2014: Gazprom imposes advance payment requirement for gas supplies to Ukraine - 16 June: Russia cuts off gas supply to Ukraine - Export blockade of Ukraine by Russia

October 2014 losses of Russian banks in Ukraine reach $12.5 bl: 29 October 2014: Losses of Russian banks in Ukraine reach $12.5 bln

December 2015 Putin orders end of free trade zone with Ukraine: 16 December 2015: Putin orders end of free trade zone with Ukraine

2016: 21 May 2016: Komsomolskaya Pravda journalists, the Russian newspaper commonly known for spreading propaganda and disinformation, got into the house of 2016 Eurovision winner Jamala's parents under a false pretext and secretly recorded a conversation with them

October 2017 Russian regime blamed for Amina Okuyeva's assassination near Kiev: 31 October 2017: Russian regime blamed, after Amina Okuyeva died and her husband Adam Osmayev was injured in an assassination near Kiev, the latest involving high-profile figures in Ukraine who are opposed to Putin regime

March 2018 snow-hit Ukraine faces gas squeeze as Gazprom holds back supplies: 1 March 2018: Snow-hit Ukraine faces gas squeeze as Gazprom holds back supplies, following Wednesday’s international arbitration court order for Gazprom to pay $2.56 billion to Naftogaz after weighing mutual claims and counter-claims related to gas supplies and transit

Since February 2014 Russian regime's intervention and war in Ukraine: Russo-Ukrainian War since February 2014, after hostilities were initiated by Russia shortly after Ukraine's Revolution of Dignity and were focused on the political status of Crimea and the Donbas, which remain internationally recognized as part of Ukraine. Incursions into Ukrainian territory culminated in Russia's annexation of Crimea, followed shortly afterwards by the beginning of the war in Donbas between Russia-backed separatists and Ukrainian state forces. Fighting for the first eight years of the conflict also included naval incidents, cyberwarfare, and heightened political tensions. Throughout 2021, bilateral tensions rose due to a Russian military buildup surrounding Ukrainian territory, and on 24 February 2022, the conflict saw a major escalation as Russia invaded mainland Ukraine - 10 April 2014: After Russian regime's intervention in Ukraine, Ukrainians in Russia fear rising Russian hostility toward them due to anti-Ukrainian propaganda

May 2014 94% of Russians get news about Ukraine from Russian TV channels according to Russian poll: 14 May 2014: 94% of Russians get news about Ukraine from Russian TV channels according to a poll conducted by the Russian Public Opinion Study Center

March 2016 testing in areas contaminated by the Chernobyl nuclear disaster has been cut or restricted: 9 March 2016: Economic crises convulsing Russia, Ukraine and Belarus mean testing in areas contaminated by the Chernobyl nuclear disaster has been cut or restricted, Greenpeace says, and people continue to eat and drink foods with dangerously high radiation levels

December 2016 testing in areas contaminated by the Chernobyl nuclear disaster has been cut or restricted: 1 December 2016: People won’t be able to live in the Chernobyl exclusion zone for next 24,000 years due to high level of plutonium contamination

Since 2014 Crimea annexation following Russian military intervention in Ukraine: Since February 2014 Russian military intervention in Ukraine - 2014 Crimea crisis - 26 February: Putin puts troops in western Russia on alert in drill - 28 February: Russian regime has finally confirmed that it has moved troops into Ukraine's Crimea region

March 2014: 1 March: 2,000 Russian troops arrive near Simferopol in Crimea, as Yanukovych gives a news conference in Rostov-on-Don - 1 March: As Russian parliament allows Putin to use military in Ukraine Russia takes over Ukraine's Crimea region - 4 March: Large contingents of Russian troops reportedly massed at the crossing between the Crimean peninsula and eastern Ukraine, in preparation for a possible attack - 4 March: Russian soldiers fire at unarmed Ukrainian soldiers trying to retake their aircraft captured by Russian special forces - 4 March: Russia has the right to use force in Ukraine, Putin pretends - 6 March: Amid Western efforts to diffuse Crimea crisis, Russia refuses to talk to Ukraine - 7/8 March: Russian troops deny access to unarmed international observers from the OSCE to the Crimea for the second day running - 8 March: Warning shots were fired to prevent unarmed OSCE international military observer mission from entering Ukraine's Russian-occupied Crimea, as new confrontations between Russian and Ukrainian troops raised tension ever higher - 9 March: A team of journalists in Crimea has been filmed coming under attack by reportedly Russian soldiers - 9 March: Pro-Russian force seizes military airport in Ukraine's Crimea - 10 March: Russian forces consolidated their hold on Ukraine's Crimea peninsula, taking over a military hospital and a missile base - 10 March: Armed men, described as Russian troops, fired in the air as they moved into a Ukrainian naval post in Crimea near Bakhchisaray - 13/14 March: Russia starts military exercises near the border with Ukraine in a show of force and without a sign of backing down on plans to annex its neighbour's Crimea region - 15 March: Around 50,000 people rally in Moscow against Crimea intervention - 18 March: Putin signs a decree formally recognizing Crimea as a 'sovereign and independent state', defying Ukraine and the West - 18 March: Putin signs treaty making Crimea, Sevastopol part of Russia

March 2014 Simferopol incident: 18 March 2014 Simferopol incident - Ukrainian serviceman S. Kakurin shot in the heart while on patrol - 18 March: Shooting in Ukrainian army base near Crimean capital, that killed Ukrainian soldier, is a war crime, Ukrainian PM says

19 March: Pro-Russian units enter Ukrainian naval base in Crimea - 22 March: Ramming through the gate armed forces backed by armoured vehicles violently broke inside a Ukrainian airbase in Crimea on Saturday, firing from automatic weapons into the air - 22/23 March: Ukrainian soldier wounded as Russian forces attack Ukrainian Crimea base in Belbek and Putin regime tries to consolidate control - 24 March: Russian troops seize control of another Ukrainian military base in Crimea, the naval base in Feodosia, throwing stun grenades and tying up the hands of Ukrainian marines - 24 March: Ukraine orders withdrawal of armed forces from Crimea in face of Russian threats - 28 March 2014: The IMF announced a $14-$18 billion bailout for Ukraine as the UN General Assembly refused to recognise Russia's annexation of the Crimea peninsula - 31 March: Ukrainian government sent a protest note to Russian Putin regime over its PM Medvedev's visit to Crimea, calling it a crude violation of international norms and rejecting Putin's calls for federalisation of Ukraine

April 2014: 1 April 2014: Russia sharply hikes gas price for Ukraine - 3 April: Russian security services involved in the violence that led to more than 100 deaths in Kiev in February, Ukrainian officials say - 7 April: A Russian soldier has shot dead a Ukrainian naval officer, who was preparing to leave Crimea, in eastern Crimea's Novofedorovka

17 April 2014: 17 April 2014: Putin, who earlier denied the presence of Russian troops in Crimea who described themselves as self-defense forces, admits during a Q&A session that people in military uniforms without any insignia in Crimea were Russian military

2016: 27 April 2016: Russian regime's 'Mejlis ban is grave attack on human rights' in occupied Crimea, EU says - 7 June 2016: Russian authorities cut salaries of state employees on the occupied peninsula of Crimea by 10%

August 2016: 2016 Crimea border clashes - 13 August 2016: The responsibility for military provocations on the administrative border between the Crimean peninsula and mainland Ukraine is on Russia, USA vice president Joe Biden says in a phone conversation with Ukrainian president Poroshenko

September 2016: 12 September 2016: Serving 20-year sentence for activities in Crimea after Putin annexed the peninsula, Ukrainian film-maker Oleg Sentsov urges defiance against 'cowardly enemy' in a letter smuggled out of penal colony in the Siberian region of Yakutia

December 2016: 2 December 2016: Russian regime reportedly transports weapons via Crimea ports, evidently including chemical weapons, as a report also contains evidence of probable transportations of both conventional and prohibited weapons from Crimea to Syria and vice versa - 12 December 2016: Crimean Tatars accuse Russia of kidnappings and political arrests, as Russian regime tries to scare activists into submission over annexation, with growing numbers disappearing - 13 December 2016: One more Ukrainian citizen arrested in Crimea accuses Russia's FSB of brutal tortures

January 2017: 13 Janaury 2017: The Russian occupants have deployed S-400 Triumf missile systems in Crimea - 27 March 2017: Lawyers and human rights activists say Russian authorities in Crimea are increasingly imprisoning human rights activists in psychiatric hospitals and submitting them to psychological abuse

January 2018: 5 January 2018: Over 60 Crimean Tatars imprisoned in Russian-occupied Crimea, according to MP Refat Chubarov, reporting that the occupation authorities are increasing pressure on the Crimean Tatars on the annexed peninsula

February 2018: 4 February 2018: A delegation of German parliamentarians with members of neo-Nazi linked AfD from three regional parliaments are visiting Russian-occupied Crimea in violation of Ukrainian laws, as AfD's Gauland calls Crimea 'indigenously Russian territory', saying in September 2017 that Germans 'have the right to be proud of the achievements of the German soldiers in two world wars', and as the USSR, according to archival figures, suffered 1,129,619 total casualties alone in the Battle of Stalingrad 75 years ago

May 2018: 5 May 2018: The court of Sevastopol sentenced Igor Movenko to two years in prison for a comment he made for the 'Crimea-Ukraine' community in VKontakte social network, after he was brutally assaulted over a pro-Ukrainian sticker on a bicycle in 2016

June 2018: 6 June 2018: Russia starts large-scale military drills in occupied Crimea

July 2018: 2 July 2018: Dozens of Ukrainian cities have joined rallies in support of Ukrainian filmmaker Oleh Sentsov, who is serving a 20-year term in prison in Russia and has been on hunger strike since May 14, as soccer mob roars 'goal' in Russia

December 2018: 5 December 2018: Russia has resettled over 105,000 Russian citizens to Crimea since the Russian occupation of the peninsula in March 2014, according to Ukraine Navy Commander Voronchenko - 6 December 2018: Ukraine's Volodymyr Yelchenko has said Russia deployed in occupied Crimea carriers and other means capable of delivering nuclear weapons - 9 December 2018: A large convoy of trucks carrying military equipment into the Russian-occupied Crimea was spotted moving across the Kerch Strait Bridge on December 8 - 10 December 2018: The Russian regime launched a year-long disinformation campaign to soften up public opinion before its recent seizure of three Ukrainian ships and their crews in the Sea of Azov, according to the EU’s security commissioner Julian King, saying false claims included that Ukraine had infected the sea with cholera and that its secret services had been trying to transport a nuclear bomb to occupied Crimea - 10 December 2018: Russia blocking Kerch Strait passage to over 100 ships, according to Ukraine border guards - 17 décembre 2018: Le régime russe déploie des avions de chasse en Crimée, annexée en 2014

25 July 2019 Ukraine defends international maritime law: 25 July 2019: SBU of Ukraine, together with the military prosecutor's office, has detained the Russian regime's Neyma tanker as part of the investigation into a brazen attack on and seizure of Ukrainian naval vessels near the Kerch Strait on 25 November 2018

December 2019 Ukraine opened a criminal probe after Russian Russia arrived in Crimea via new Russian-built bridge: 25 December 2019: Ukrainian officials opened a criminal probe after a passenger train from Russia arrived in Crimea via a new Russian-built bridge, arguing that the train illegally carried people across the Ukrainian border

Since February 2014 Russian military buildup and intervention in Ukraine, 2014 Russian-backed riots in Ukraine and war in Donbass (detailed timeline see 'Ukraine', explained further below): 2014 pro-Russian riots in Ukraine - Since February 2014 Russian military intervention in Ukraine - 2014/2015 buildup of Russian troops near Ukraine - War in Donbass since 2014 - Humanitarian situation during Russian-backed war in Donbas

April 2014: 6 April 2014: Pro-Russian demonstrators attack government buildings in eastern Ukraine smashing windows and planting Russian flag - 7 April: Ukraine's president to hold emergency meeting and to address parliamentary assembly of the Council of Europe over threats to the democratic institutions in Ukraine and attacks - 8 April: Putin urged to stop destabilizing Ukraine after reported evidence that clashes in eastern Ukraine involving pro-Kremlin forces were incited by outsiders - 8 April: Ukraine ends one pro-Russia occupation but armed protesters hold out in two more eastern cities in what Kiev says is a Russian-led plan to dismember the country - 8 April: Russian special forces and agents are the 'catalyst' behind chaos in east Ukraine, USA secretary of state says - 9 April: USA sees Russian agents behind east Ukraine unrest - 11 April 2014: Satellite images show Russian military build-up near Ukraine - 12 April: Pro-Russian forces take over government buildings in eastern Ukraine - 13 April: Ukraine unrest has 'tell-tale signs of Moscow's involvement', USA's UN ambassador Samantha Power says - 18 April: In Geneva Deshchytsia, Kerry, Ashton, Lavrov agree on plan of de-escalation in eastern Ukraine, including that the OSCE special monitoring mission should play a leading role in assisting the Ukrainian authorities and local communities in the immediate implementation, especially in disarming militants and vacating occupied buildings - 19 April: Inside seized Donetsk's regional administration building named 'Donetsk People's Republic' balaclavas, Stalin flags and razorwire - 20 April: Ukraine's police and intelligence service accused Russia of staging a fatal shooting incident in which pro-Russia separatists were killed in the east - 20 April: Main synagogue in southeastern Ukrainian city of Nikolayev was empty of worshippers when it was firebombed early Saturday morning - 22 April: The USA State Department has released images of soldiers in eastern Ukraine that it says are Russian forces - 22 April: 11 persons suspected of separatism arrested at checkpoints in the area, all citizens of Russia, Dnipropetrovsk's Mykhailo Lysenko says - 23 April: As John Kerry told Russia's Lavrov that USA would impose further sanctions if tensions don't de-escalate in eastern Ukraine, as Joe Biden on a visit to Kiev called on Russian regime to pull back troops and to urge the separatists to disarm, as Russia's Churkin ruled out rapid progress calling the efforts naive, two tortured bodies found near Slaviansk, one of them reportedly Volodymyr Rybak of Batkivshchyna party, who had been abducted by separatists - 26 April 2014: Russian military aircraft have entered Ukrainian airspace on several occasions, USA says - 28 April 2014: Violating international law, Russian television shows three captured Ukrainian security guards bloodied, blindfolded, stripped of their trousers and shoes, their arms bound with packing tape in Slovyansk, where OSCE observers are also being held - 29 April: NATO cannot confirm withdrawal of Russian troops from Ukraine's border - 7 May: 'No evidence' of Russian pull back from the tense border with Ukraine, USA says

May 2014: 5 May: SBU calls another five names of Russian participants in Odesa provocations on 2 May - 7 May: At a meeting with OSCE Chairman Didier Burkhalter Putin calls on Ukrainian separatists to reschedule May 11 'referendum', adding that presidential elections in Ukraine, scheduled for May 25, are a step in the right direction - 14 May 2014: Ukraine's government launches a series of round tables talks with spiritual leaders, lawmakers, government figures and regional officials, insisting they will not talk to the pro-Russia gunmen seizing buildings and fighting government troops across eastern Ukraine violating international law - 14 May 2014: 94% of Russians get news about Ukraine from Russian TV channels according to a poll conducted by the Russian Public Opinion Study Center - 16 May: Listing numerous specific examples of targeted killings, torture, beatings, abductions and intimidation mostly carried out by well-organized and well-armed anti-Government groups, UN report warns of an alarming deterioration in human rights in eastern Ukraine - 19 May: USA has seen no indication that Russian troops are pulling back from the Ukrainian border despite an order from Putin and after Putin has made similar announcements previously - 24 May: Ukrainian anti-aircraft battery fired warning shots to prevent an incursion by Russian helicopter gunships from the Crimea peninsula - 29 May 2014: Pro-Russian separatists near Slovyansk shot down a Ukrainian army helicopter carrying supplies, killing 14 soldiers including a general, as separatist leader in Donetsk admits his fighters include Russian 'volunteers'

June/July 2014: 4 June: New militant groups are being formed in border regions of Russia to break through Ukrainian border and to penetrate into Donbas - 6 June 2014: Poroshenko meets Putin in Normandy without handshake - 14 June: Russia has sent tanks, heavy weapons and rocket launchers to eastern Ukraine in support of separatists, USA says - 17 June: According to UN figures, about 34,000 Ukrainian citizens were forced to leave their homes because of armed actions in the east - 20 June 2014: UN observers confirm involvement of Russian intelligence agencies in Odesa tragedy on May 2 - 25 June: Russia has sent a squadron of MiG-29 fighter aircraft to the border with Ukraine and is conducting reconnaissance flights - 26 June: Poroshenko, Putin agree to Medvedchuk's mediation - 26 June: Russian border guards kill militants who flee from Ukraine, NSDC says - 27 June: Ukrainian president accuses Russia of doing nothing to end 'disastrous' war

July 2016: 2 July 2016: Russia trains terrorists in special centers for attacks on Ukrainian soil, according to Ukrainian president Poroshenko - 4 July 2016: Russian regular officer Alexander Bushuev, Colonel of the 7th motorized rifle brigade, reportedly killed by militants near Khartsyzsk, in the militant-occupied Donetsk region - 12 July: A Russian militant, who had fought alongside the separatists in occupied Donetsk, surrendered to the Ukrainian forces on July 11 - 16 July 2016: Railway convoys with weapons, military equipment, ammunition and fuel have been delivered to the Donbas region from Russia, Ukraine reports

August 2016: 2 August 2016: Russia deploys another convoy of military equipment, trucks and fueling vehicles to Donbas militants, including nearly 30 tanks - 26 August 2016: Russia reportedly increased amounts of military hardware in Donbas by 10 times since invasion - 31 August: Thousands of Russian servicemen involved in fighting in Eastern Ukraine according to 'Bellingcat'

September 2016: 4 September: Ukrainian intelligence officers name fifty Russian officers fighting for militants in Donbas - 7 September 2016: Investigation of documents of the Kremlin-backed separatist secret service 'MGB DPR' and materials of OSCE SMM gave new evidence of Russian invasion in Ukraine - 28 September 2016: Dutch-led joint investigation team including representatives from Australia, Malaysia, Ukraine, and Belgium states that there is 'irrefutable evidence' that a Russian Buk 9M38 missile downed the Malaysia Airlines Boeing 777 in 2014, killing all 298 people on board, also concluding that the Buk missile system was brought across the border from Russia and later transported back escorted by several other vehicles and by 'armed men in uniform', according to witnesses, photographs, video, damning intercepted telephone calls, radar data, forensic examinations, tests and reconstructions

November/December 2016: 10 November 2016: The command of the Russian military is responsible for sending a Buk missile system to the militant-controlled territory in Donbas, which was later used to down MH17 flight, according to 'Bellingcat' journalists - 18 December 2016: Scale of Russian troops' deployment in occupied territories of Crimea, Donbas, Transnistria and Caucasus revealed by MEP Saryusz-Wolski, showing the biggest number (28,000) of military concentrated in Crimea and 8,000 military personnel to Donbas - 28 December 2016: According to Defence Intelligence, Russia military command uses the so-called 'humanitarian convoys' to secretly take away killed soldiers

January 2017: 16 January 2017: The war unleashed by the Russian regime against Ukraine has already killed 10,000 Ukrainians, both military and civilian, according to Ukrainian president

March 2017: 23 March 2017 murder of Denis Voronenkov in Kiev - 23 March 2017: Former Russian MP Denis Voronenkov, who had spoken out against Vladimir Putin and Kremlin policies and who had fled to Ukraine, was shot dead on a busy street in central Kiev reportedly after receiving threats from the FSB by an assassin, who was wounded in a firefight with Voronenkov’s bodyguard and taken to hospital, where he died a few hours later

May 2017: 8 May 2017: Russia's hybrid military forces attacked Ukrainian army positions in Donbas 65 times in the past 24 hours - 9 May 2017: Russia's hybrid military forces attacked Ukrainian troops 50 times in the past day, killing one Ukrainian soldier and wounding nine

June 2017: 9 June 2017: Navalny promises withdrawal of Russian troops from Donbas, fair referendum in Crimea

September 2017: 22 September 2017: 'Unpredictable' Putin 'without red lines' had not only illegally annexed Crimea, but launched a 'military aggression against my country and brought enormous losses', according to Ukrainian president Poroshenko, who earlier said that 10,000 Ukrainians have died in Donbas for Ukraine’s independence

October/November 2017: 20 October 2017: No doubt MH17 downed by Russian Buk missile, according to Bellingcat, showing new photo of Buk missile - 2 November 2017: Ukraine intel has footage proving Russia's 'Wagner' mercenaries' took part in 2014 seizure of Luhansk airport

December 2017: 8 December 2017: Russian Colonel General identified as key MH17 figure, according to 'Bellingcat' - 23 December 2017: USA provision of weapons to Ukraine could fuel conflict, Russian regime threatens - 28 December 2017: Ukraine's Yuriy Hrymchak said an exchange of prisoners was coordinated with the Russian Federation, not with the pro-Russian militants in Donbas

February 2018: 15 February 2018: UK blames Russia for NotPetya cyber-attack last year that spread across Europe, accusing the Russian regime of 'undermining democracy', wrecking livelihoods by targeting critical infrastructure and weaponising information, saying that 'we have entered a new era of warfare, witnessing a destructive and deadly mix of conventional military might and malicious cyber-attacks' - June 2017 global Petya cyberattacks, primarily targeting Ukraine - 15 February 2018: USA joins UK in blaming Russia for NotPetya cyber-attack

April 2018: 4 April 2018: Independent radar experts confirm previous conclusion of Joint Investigation Team in MH17 investigation, that explanation of the absence of the BUK-missile on the Russian radar images lies in the flight properties of a BUK-missile - 7 April 2018: Russian proxies attack Ukraine over 230 times since 'Easter truce'

May 2018: 24 May 2018: Investigators say identify Russian military unit in 2014 MH17 downing

29 May 2018: 29 May 2018: The Prosecutor General's Office of Ukraine has provided evidence that members of the Russian-backed 'Donetsk People's Republic' terrorist organization are involved in the death of a 15-year-old Ukrainian girl in the village of Zalizne in the east of Ukraine on May 29

29/30 May 2018: 29/30 May 2018: Russian journalist Arkady Babchenko, who was critical of Vladimir Putin, in particular of Russia's military intervention Ukraine and Syria, and who left Russia in 2017 after receiving death threats, collaborated with the SBU to expose Russian agents engaged in preparations for his contract killing and to assassinate 30 people in Ukraine

10 June 2018: 10 June 2018: Family of Oleg Sentsov, the Ukrainian film director imprisoned in Russia who is on hunger strike, reportedly appeal to Russian president to release him and all the Ukrainian political prisoners before the World Cup, but appeal denied by Sentsov's sister Natalia Kaplan

16/17 June 2018: 16 June 2018: Russian-led forces mounted 36 attacks on Ukrainian troops in Donbas in the past day, using heavy weapons in nine instances - 16 June 2018: Russian-led militants shell residential buildings in Novotoshkivske, use 80mm mortars - 17 June 2018: Russia's hybrid military forces mounted 27 attacks on Ukrainian army positions in Donbas in the past 24 hours, wounding two Ukrainian soldiers, as soccer mob roars 'goal' in Russia

18-20 June 2018: 18 June 2018: Russia's hybrid military forces mounted 20 attacks on Ukrainian army positions in Donbas in the past 24 hours, wounding one Ukrainian soldier - 19 June 2018: Russia's hybrid military forces mounted 28 attacks on Ukrainian army positions in Donbas in the past 24 hours, wounding two Ukrainian soldiers - 20 June 2018: Russian-occupation forces violated the ceasefire regime 26 times, including three times with the use of heavy weapons banned by the Minsk agreements, wounding three Ukrainian soldiers, as soccer mob roars 'goal' in Russia

21-24 June 2018: 21 June 2018: Over the past 24 hours, Russian-occupation troops violated ceasefire 30 times, including six times with the use of artillery and mortars - 22 June 2018: Russia's hybrid military forces mounted 29 attacks on Ukrainian army positions in Donbas in the past 24 hours, wounding one Ukrainian soldier - 23 June 2018: Donbas Russian-backed militants break ceasefire 27 times in past day - 24 June 2018: Russia's hybrid military forces mounted 25 attacks on Ukrainian army positions in Donbas in the past 24 hours, wounding five Ukrainian soldiers, as soccer mob roars 'goal' in Russia

25-27 June 2018: 25 June 2018: Russia's hybrid military forces mounted 22 attacks on Ukrainian army positions in Donbas in the past 24 hours, killing one Ukrainian soldier and wounding another four - 26 June 2018: Russia's hybrid military forces mounted 24 attacks on Ukrainian army positions in Donbas in the past 24 hours, wounding one Ukrainian soldier - 27 June 2018: Russia's hybrid military forces mounted 30 attacks on Ukrainian army positions in Donbas in the past 24 hours, killing one Ukrainian soldier and wounding another two, as soccer mob roars 'goal' in Russia

28-30 June 2018: 28 June 2018: Two civilians have been wounded in a mortar attack by Russian-controlled forces on the town of Zalizne near Toretsk in Donetsk region, as three Ukrainian soldiers were killed and another three were wounded in action in Donbas on 27 June - 29 June 2018: Four Ukrainian troops killed, two wounded in Donbas as militants mount 28 shellings in past day - 30 June 2018: Russia's hybrid military forces mounted 34 attacks on Ukrainian army positions in Donbas in the past 24 hours, wounding two Ukrainian soldiers, as soccer mob roars 'goal' in Russia

1-3 July 2018: 1 July 2018: New truce in Donbas fails as Russian-controlled troops mount two attacks on Ukrainian army, wounding one Ukrainian soldier - 2 July 2018: Russian-led forces mounted 25 attacks on Ukrainian troops in Donbas in the past day, using heavy weapons in two instances - 3 July 2018: Russia's hybrid military forces mounted 21 attacks on Ukrainian army positions in Donbas in the past 24 hours, wounding one Ukrainian soldier, as soccer mob roars 'goal' in Russia

4-6 July 2018: 4 July 2018: Russian-led forces mounted 17 attacks on Ukrainian troops in Donbas in the past day, using heavy weapons in two instances - 5 July 2018: Russian occupation forces violated 19 times the ceasefire along the entire contact line, including two times with the use of heavy arms - 6 July 2018: Russia's hybrid military forces mounted 26 attacks on Ukrainian army positions in Donbas in the past 24 hours, wounding one Ukrainian soldier, as soccer mob roars 'goal' in Russia

7-9 July 2018: 7 July 2018: Over the past day Russian occupation forces violated 30 times the ceasefire along the entire contact line in Donbas, including one time with the use of banned weapons - 8 July 2018: Over the past day Russian-occupation troops violated 13 times the truce along almost the entire line of contact in Donbas - 9 July 2018: Russia's hybrid military forces mounted 21 attacks on Ukrainian army positions in Donbas in the past 24 hours, wounding one Ukrainian soldier, as soccer mob roars 'goal' in Russia

10-12 July 2018: 10 July 2018: Russia's hybrid military forces mounted 23 attacks on Ukrainian army positions in Donbas in the past 24 hours, wounding one Ukrainian soldier - 11 July 2018: Russian-led forces mounted 20 attacks on Ukrainian troops in Donbas in the past 24 hours - 12 July 2018: Russia's hybrid military forces mounted 17 attacks on Ukrainian army positions in Donbas in the past 24 hours, wounding one Ukrainian soldier, as soccer mob roars 'goal' in Russia

13-15/16 July 2018: 13 July 2018: Russia's hybrid military forces mounted 24 attacks on Ukrainian army positions in Donbas in the past 24 hours, wounding three Ukrainian soldiers - 14 July 2018: Russia's hybrid military forces mounted 24 attacks on Ukrainian army positions in Donbas in the past 24 hours, wounding two Ukrainian soldiers - 15 July 2018: Two Ukrainian soldiers were wounded in Donbas in the past day, as Russian-led forces mounted 23 attacks on Ukrainian positions and as soccer mob roars 'goal' in Russia - 16 July 2018: Russia's hybrid military forces mounted 29 attacks on Ukrainian army positions in Donbas in the past 24 hours, wounding one Ukrainian soldier, as soccer mob roars 'goal' in Russia

17 July 2018: 17 July 2018: Russia must be held responsible for the terrorist attack of downing MH17 flight on 17 July 2014, as the Joint Investigation Team found that the plane had been shot down by the BUK Russian air defense missile system, which belonged to Russian troops and had been delivered from Russia, Ukraine's president Petro Poroshenko says

August 2018: 21 août 2018: Le cinéaste ukrainien Oleg Sentsov, détenu dans le nord de la Russie, atteint mardi son 100e jour de grève de la faim, sans qu'aucun signal du régime russe ne laisse entrevoir une prochaine libération malgré la pression occidentale et la dégradation de son état de santé - 31 August 2018: Chief of the so-called 'Donetsk People's Republic' Alexander Zakharchenko was blown up in one of the restaurants in a militant stronghold of Donetsk and DNR's Alexander Timofeyev wounded, after more than 10,000 people have died since Russian-backed attacks began in 2014, also displacing more than 1.5 million people, according to UN figures

1 September 2018: 1 September 2018: Over the past day Russian-occupation forces opened fire 11 times on Ukrainian positions

1 September 2018: 1 September 2018: Kiev court sentenced Borys German, who had pleaded guilty and agreed to cooperate with the investigation, to four-and-a-half years in prison after he was found guilty of helping to plot an attempt on the life of reporter Arkady Babchenko, who accused Russian regime of killing critics and unleashing wars in Ukraine, Syria and elsewhere

Since November 2018 Kerch Strait incident: November 2018 Kerch Strait incident - 25 November 2018: Ukraine’s navy has said Russia’s border guards rammed one of its tugboats in the Black Sea off Moscow-annexed Crimea in an 'openly aggressive action' - 26 November 2018: Russia’s coast guard opened fire on and seized three of Ukraine’s vessels Sunday, wounding two crew members, after Russian regime stopped the three Ukrainian ships from entering the Sea of Azov, as a bilateral treaty gives both Ukraine and Russia the right to use the Sea of Azov, which is home to two of Ukraine's most important ports, lies between Ukraine and Russia and is linked by the narrow Kerch Strait to the Black Sea - 26 November 2018: Nato demanded Russia 'ensure unhindered access to Ukrainian ports in the Azov Sea in accordance with international law' - 28 November 2018: Following Russian regime’s seizure of three Ukrainian navy ships and crew, regime to deploy new missiles to annexed Crimea, as Ukraine president warns regime, saying 'I don’t want anyone to think this is fun and games. Ukraine is under threat of full-scale war with Russia' - 29 November 2018: Two Ukrainian Azov Sea ports, Berdyansk and Mariupol, are in effect under blockade by Russia as vessels are being barred from leaving and entering, Ukraine’s infrastructure minister has said

December 2018: 1 December 2018: Shooting of Ukraine's 'Berdyansk' boat by Russian regime most likely took place in international waters, as Ukrainian tug 'Yani Kapu' was intentionally rammed at least four times over a period of at least an hour, Bellingcat said - 1 December 2018: Russia must return Ukraine's sailors, vessels before administration consider rescheduled Trump-Putin summit, USA's Pompeo says - 2 décembre 2018: Poutine a affirmé que 'la guerre va continuer' dans l'est rebelle de l'Ukraine tant que les autorités ukrainiennes actuelles 'resteront au pouvoir' - 6 December 2018: Two Ukrainian seaports forced to cut working hours amid Russia's blocking of Kerch Strait, as Mariupol and Berdyansk lost more than half of their cargo traffic

25/26 May 2019 ITLOS decision that Russia must free detained Ukrainian naval vessels and sailors: ITLOS case concerning the detention of three Ukrainian naval vessels (Ukraine v. Russian Federation) - 25 mai 2019: Le tribunal maritime international de Hambourg a demandé samedi à la Russie de libérer 'immédiatement' les 24 marins ukrainiens et les trois navires qu'elle détient depuis novembre à la suite d'un incident naval - 26 May 2019: Backed by Russian regime's Aleksandr Molokhov, member of Russia's State Duma Ruslan Balbek, who was illegally elected as a representative of Russia-occupied Crimea, says that the decision of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea ITLOS to release 24 captured Ukrainian sailors means nothing to Russia

19 June 2019 first trial of three Russian nationals and a Ukrainian suspect announced: 19 June 2019: Marking the beginning of the Dutch criminal proceedings, Dutch prosecutors say three Russian nationals and a Ukrainian will be tried on murder charges for their role in the 2014 downing of Malaysia Airlines flight MH17 over eastern Ukraine, saying that evidence showed a direct line of military command between Ukrainian separatists and Russia's Putin regime, as suspects will be tried for murder in the case set to start in March 2020, according to Silene Fredriksz-Hoogzand, the mother of one of the 298 victims - 19 June 2019: Identifying the separatists linked to the downing of MH17 by Bellingcat Investigation Team

August 2019 new evidence of Russian role in Ukraine conflict: 18 August 2019: New evidence of the Russian regime's role in Ukraine conflict emerges to make the regime out to be a liar, as collated evidence by a London-based research group documenting Russian military involvement in the conflict in Ukraine will be used to bolster legal claims against the Russian state by Ukrainian volunteer fighters

16 October 2019 Putin's victims in the sixth year: 16 October 2019: Russia's hybrid military forces on October 15 mounted 26 attacks on Ukrainian Army positions in Donbas, killing two Ukrainian soldiers and wounding another four, as one of the Ukrainian troops shot dead by a sniper was a young woman who joined army ranks after her father, also a Ukrainian military, was killed in Donbas hostilities back in 2015

8 November 2019 Russian support of terrorism in Donbas: 8 novembre 2019: La Cour internationale de justice s'est déclarée compétente pour juger une affaire entre la Russia et l'Ukraine, qui accuse la Russie de financer le terrorisme en soutenant les rebelles séparatistes dans l'est de l'Ukraine

14 November 2019 MH17 investigators say phone calls show Ukraine rebels' ties to Russia: 14 November 2019: MH17 investigators say phone calls show Ukraine rebels' ties to Russian Putin regime, as intercepts suggest separatists sought guidance from Russia before jet was shot down

9 December 2019 'Normandy Format' talks in Paris: 9 December 2019 'Normandy Format' talks in Paris - 10 December 2019: Amid conflict with separatists and MH-17 terrorists including Russia’s regime and military, which has left more than 13,000 dead and millions displaced, tentative agreements in Paris on prisoner exchanges and once again a ceasefire promise, never observed since 2014 by Russian regime

23 December 2019 Putin's 9 December Paris ceasefire promise never observed: 23 December 2019: Russia's hybrid military forces on December 22 mounted eight attacks on Ukrainian Army positions in eastern Ukraine, killing one Ukrainian soldier and wounding another one, proving Novichok-Putin's Paris ceasefire promise never observed every single day since 9 December

9 March 2020 trial of Russians and one allied Ukrainian accused of murdering 298 people in MH17 case: 9 March 2020: The trial of three Russians and one Ukrainian accused of murdering 298 people in the shooting down of the MH17 aircraft over eastern Ukraine has begun in the Netherlands, as presiding judge Hendrik Steenhuis said 'the loss of so many lives and the manner in which they so abruptly ended is barely conceivable', and as murderous and coward Russian Putin regime has always denied any involvement in the brutal shooting down of the civilian plane and war crimes in Syria

8 October 2020 Russia-controlled armed groups in the Donbas warzone violate latest ceasefire since months: 8 October 2020: Ukraine has reported one violation of the latest ceasefire agreement by Russia-controlled armed groups in the Donbas warzone on 7 October

17 December 2020 Putin will 'building up support' for occupied Donbas: 17 December 2020: Russian regime's Vladimir Putin says his country will be 'building up support' for occupied Donbas, adding 'we will even be building up our support for Donbas ... this applies both to the support for production, the solution of social issues, and infrastructure issues, etc.' - 17 December 2020: Ukraine's Armed Forces reported 3 violations of the latest ceasefire agreement committed by Russia-controlled armed groups in the Donbas warzone on 16 December

December 2020 - September 2021 ongoing Russin aggression in Ukraine's Donbas region: December 2020 - September 2021 ongoing Russin aggression in Ukraine's Donbas region

13 April 2021 amid Russian military buildup on Ukraine border Biden urges Russia to de-escalate in call with Putin: 13 April 2021: USA president Joe Biden has called on Vladimir Putin to demand he de-escalate tensions with Ukraine amid the largest buildup of Russian forces on its borders since the annexation of Crimea in 2014

September/October 2021: 22 September 2021: On September 21, Russian-led forces four times opened fire on the positions of Ukrainian military, including once using weapons proscribed by the Minsk agreements - 23 September 2021: Over the past 24 hours Russia-led armed groups intensified their attacks on the defense positions of Ukraine’s Joint Forces in Ukraine’s east, violating the ceasefire 12 times, including two times with the use of weapons proscribed by the Minsk agreements, as Ukraine reports two wounded soldiers - 25 September 2021: Russian-led forces violated the ceasefire in the JFO area in eastern Ukraine 14 times on September 24, using weapons proscribed by the Minsk agreements, the JFO headquarters has reported - 27 September 2021: Russian occupation forces violated the ceasefire six times in the past day, including by shelling the Ukrainian Army positions in targeted attacks - 28 September 2021: The armed formations of the Russian Federation violated the ceasefire eight times. One Ukrainian soldier was wounded today - 28 September 2021: Russian-led forces have violated the ceasefire in the area of the JFO in eastern Ukraine three times since midnight as of 11:00 on September 28, wounding two Ukrainian service members - 29 September 2021: Over the past day, September 28, the Russian-occupation troops violated ceasefire in the JFO area eight times, using weapons banned under the Minsk agreements once, and wounding two Ukrainian soldiers in JFO area - 30 September 2021: Over the past day, September 29, the armed formations of the Russian Federation violated ceasefire in the JFO area seven times - 1 October 2021: Over the past 24 hours, Ukraine reported 13 ceasefire violations by Russian-led armed groups in the JFO zone, including two episodes where arms proscribed by the Minsk Agreements were employed, and as Ukraine reports 1 killed Ukrainian soldier und another wounded serviceman over past day

1 December 2021 USA's A. Blinken says country has evidence of Russian plans for 'large scale' attack on Ukraine: 1 December 2021: Speaking at a Nato ministers meeting in Latvia USA's secretary of state Antony Blinken says his country has evidence that Russia has made plans for a 'large scale' attack on Ukraine and that Nato allies are 'prepared to impose severe costs' on Moscow if it attempts an invasion

4 December 2021 USA intelligence determined that Russian offensive against Ukraine could begin in early 2022: 4 December 2021: USA intelligence officials have determined that Russian planning is underway for a possible military offensive against Ukraine that could begin as soon as early 2022 and would include an estimated 175,000 personnel, according to an administration official, 'Haaretz' reports

10 December 2021 soldiers, residents living in the shadow of Russian Putin regime’s military buildup: 10 December 2021 soldiers and residents living in the shadow of Russian Putin regime’s military buildup on the Ukraine frontline as tensions rise describe the toll of the long, unresolved conflict, saying 'nobody wants to be Putin’s slave’

24 December 2021 Putin and growing cooperation between Ukraine and the west: 24 December 2021: Vladimir Putin has deployed his troops to the border with Ukraine, delivered impossible demands on Europe and appears ready to launch a new offensive to establish his domination over Kyiv, as he is said to feel a 'historical mission' to reverse Ukraine’s drift towards the west, despite his own role in creating a rift by annexing Crimea and fuelling a war in Ukraine’s south-east. But his current fast pace raises questions of why he appears to feel the moment to act is now, as if he is running out of time, 'The Guardian' Andrew Roth in Moscow explains

11-15 January 2022 escalation: 11 January 2022: Over the past day, January 10, two ceasefire violations by Russian-occupation troops were recorded in the JFO area in eastern Ukraine, as two Ukrainian soldiers killed in JFO area - 11 January 2022: Between January 5 and 9, the OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine recorded 152 ceasefire violations in Donetsk region and 791 ceasefire violations in Luhansk region - 12 January 2022: OSCE SMM recorded 133 ceasefire violations in Donetsk region and five ceasefire violations in Luhansk region - 14 January 2022: Russia planning ‘false-flag’ operation to justify Ukraine invasion, USA claims - 14 January 2022: Over the past day Russian-occupation troops launched two attacks, using weapons prohibited under the Minsk agreements, in the JFO area in eastern Ukraine - 14 January 2022: A massive cyberattack on Ukraine's government websites was carried out from Russian territory, according to experts - 14 January 2022: Following cyber attack, NATO to boost cyber defense cooperation with Ukraine - 15 January 2022: Over the past day Russian-occupation troops launched two attacks, using weapons prohibited under the Minsk agreements once, in the JFO) area in eastern Ukraine.